Voice of America, 29 November 1995

From: yanni@ix.netcom.com (Ioannis Bousnakis)

Voice of America Directory

CONTENTS

[01] WEDNESDAY'S EDITORIALS BY ANDREW N. GUTHRIE (WASHINGTON)

INTRO: REACTION TO PRESIDENT CLINTON'S NATIONAL T-V ADDRESS ABOUT SENDING U-S PEACEKEEPING TROOPS TO BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA IS CLEARLY THE DOMINANT EDITORIAL THEME IN WEDNESDAY'S LEADING NEWSPAPERS. MOST DAILIES SUPPORT THE PRESIDENT'S DECISION. OTHER EDITORIAL TOPICS INCLUDE: PRESIDENT CLINTON'S TRIP TO NORTHERN IRELAND; MEXICAN OUTRAGE AT THE LATEST POLITICAL SCANDAL; ALLEGED INEQUITIES IN THE FEDERAL SEIZURE LAW; AND POST-ELECTION DEVELOPMENTS IN ALGERIA. NOW, HERE IS _________________ WITH A CLOSER LOOK IN TODAY'S U-S EDITORIAL DIGEST.

TEXT: MOST OF THE MAJOR U-S NEWSPAPERS ARE SUPPORTING PRESIDENT CLINTON IN HIS QUEST TO SEND U-S TROOPS TO BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA AS PART OF A NATO PEACE-IMPLEMENTATION FORCE OF 60-THOUSAND MEN AND WOMEN. THE SUBJECT TOPS THE EDITORIAL COLUMNS OF THE NEW YORK "DAILY NEWS," "BOSTON GLOBE," "BALTIMORE SUN," "ATLANTA CONSTITUTION," AND "WASHINGTON POST", AMONG OTHERS. HERE'S PART OF WHAT THE "DAILY NEWS" HAS TO SAY:

VOICE: "PRESIDENT CLINTON MADE A STRONG CASE MONDAY FOR SENDING 20-THOUSAND U-S TROOPS TO BOSNIA... AMERICA MUST LEAD THE WAY. OTHERWISE, HISTORY'S MOST POWERFUL AND SUCCESSFUL ALLIANCE OF FREE STATES COULD CRUMBLE, AND ENDANGER THE SECURITY OF THE WHOLE WORLD."

TEXT: HOWEVER, "THE NEW YORK POST" REMAINS HIGHLY DUBIOUS OF THE ENDEAVOR, BUT STILL LENDS ITS SUPPORT:

VOICE: "WE HAVE LONG MADE CLEAR OUR SKEPTICISM ABOUT SENDING AMERICAN TROOPS TO BOSNIA. WE'VE NEVER BEEN PERSUADED THAT THE UNITED STATES HAS SERIOUS NATIONAL SECURITY CONCERNS AT STAKE IN THE BALKANS. ... NEVERTHELESS ... IT'S UNREALISTIC TO SUGGEST THAT THE U-S WOULDN'T SUFFER LASTING DAMAGE IF AMERICA WERE NOW TO TURN AWAY."

TEXT: IN THE SOUTH, GEORGIA'S "ATLANTA CONSTITUTION" LEADS ITS EDITORIAL COLUMN WITH A COMMENTARY ENTITLED: "A SACRIFICE FOR PEACE":

VOICE: "PRESIDENT CLINTON MADE A PERSUASIVE CASE ... FOR A U-S ROLE IN ENFORCING THE PEACE IN BOSNIA... BUT HIS ADMINISTRATION HAS YET TO ANSWER ONE IMPORTANT QUESTION: WHAT HAPPENS IN BOSNIA AFTER U-S AND OTHER NATO TROOPS WITHDRAW, SUPPOSEDLY IN A YEAR OR LESS? THE GOAL OF U-S POLICY ... SHOULD BE TO ENSURE THAT BOSNIA ACQUIRES THE ARMS AND SKILLS NECESSARY TO DETER FUTURE AGGRESSION. IF A PLAN TO ACCOMPLISH THAT GOAL IS LAID OUT ... CONGRESS OUGHT TO CONCLUDE THAT THIS DIFFICULT PEACE INITIATIVE IS WORTH THE RISK."

TEXT: "THE BOSTON GLOBE" ADDS THIS:

VOICE: "NOW THAT AMERICAN LEADERSHIP AND HARD-HEADED DIPLOMACY HAVE SQUEEZED A PEACE AGREEMENT OUT OF THE WARRING PARTIES, THE PRESIDENT IS ASKING THE COUNTRY TO HELP KEEP IT. HIS IS A JUST CAUSE. IT DESERVES THIS COUNTRY'S SUPPORT."

TEXT: HOWEVER, A VERY DIFFERENT VIEW IS TAKEN BY ONE OF FLORIDA'S LARGEST DAILIES, "THE ORLANDO SENTINEL":

VOICE: PRESIDENT CLINTON'S TELEVISED PLEA TO AMERICANS MONDAY FELL FAR SHORT OF JUSTIFYING HIS PLAN TO SEND 20-THOUSAND UNITED STATES TROOPS TO BOSNIA. THERE IS A ROLE FOR THE UNITED STATES TO PLAY ... BUT IT DOES NOT INCLUDE AN AMERICAN FIGHTING FORCE ON THE GROUND... THE UNITED STATES ALREADY HAS CARRIED MUCH OF THE LOAD IN PUSHING FOR PEACE IN BOSNIA. NOW IT'S UP TO EUROPEAN NATIONS TO DO MORE."

TEXT: "THE PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER" SAYS NOW IS THE TIME FOR U-S LEADERSHIP, AND SUMS UP ITS SUPPORT FOR THE CLINTON INITIATIVE THIS WAY:

VOICE: "AT STAKE IN BOSNIA IS NOT ONLY A FARAWAY PEACE PLAN, BUT ALSO AMERICA'S FUTURE ROLE IN THE WORLD... WHAT LEVERAGE WOULD AMERICA HAVE LEFT TO HELP BROKER PEACE IN IRELAND, OR THE MIDEAST, IF IT SHOWED ITSELF A QUITTER?"

TEXT: AND IN BOSTON, "THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR" COMPARED THE PRESIDENT TO AN AUTOMOBILE SALESMAN TRYING TO CONVINCE A RELUCTANT BUYER THAT THE MODEL HE'S SELLING CAN DO WHAT IS EXPECTED OF IT.

VOICE: "ONE SPEECH DOES NOT MAKE THE SALE. ESPECIALLY WHEN THE LAST SUCH VEHICLE SOLD TO THE AMERICAN PUBLIC, PEACEKEEPING IN HAITI, SHOWS SIGNS OF FALTERING... WASHINGTON WILL FIND IT HARD TO ARM AND TRAIN BOSNIAN MUSLIM TROOPS WHILE AIDING CREATION OF A PEACEFUL TRI-ETHNIC NATION... [PRESIDENT] CLINTON MUST DEVOTE MORE TIME TO BOSNIA EVEN AS EPIC DEBATE ON U-S DOWNSIZING GOES ON."

TEXT: LOOKING BRIEFLY AT SOME OF THE DAY'S OTHER EDITORIAL TOPICS, PRESIDENT CLINTON'S TRIP TO NORTHERN IRELAND DRAWS THIS COMMENT FROM "THE SUN" IN BALTIMORE.

VOICE: "EXPECT NO MIRACLES FROM PRESIDENT CLINTON'S TRIP TO NORTHERN IRELAND ... HIGH EXPECTATIONS BASED ON HIS APPARENT SUCCESSES ELSEWHERE COULD LEAD TO DISAPPOINTMENT. WHAT WINSTON CHURCHILL IN 1922 CALLED 'THE INTEGRITY OF THEIR QUARREL' IS IMPERVIOUS TO INTERVENTION BY AN OUTSIDER PAYING FITFUL ATTENTION... IF MR. CLINTON CAN JUMP-START THE TALKS WHILE HE IS TURNING ON THE CHRISTMAS LIGHTS OF DOWNTOWN BELFAST, SO MUCH THE BETTER."

TEXT: TODAY'S "LOS ANGELES TIMES" NOTES THE LATEST MEXICAN POLITICAL SCANDAL FOLLOWING THE ARREST BY SWISS POLICE OF FORMER PRESIDENT CARLOS SALINAS' SISTER-IN-LAW AS SHE TRIED TO WITHDRAW MILLIONS OF DOLLARS FROM A GENEVA BANK ACCOUNT, USING FALSE DOCUMENTS. "THE TIMES," COMMENTING ON ALLEGATIONS THAT CARLOS SALINAS' BROTHER, RAUL, MADE MOST OF THE MONEY IN BRIBES WHILE WORKING IN THE SALINAS GOVERNMENT, NOTES:

VOICE: "[FORMER PRESIDENT] CARLOS SALINAS ... SAID HE WAS SHOCKED BY THE DEVELOPMENTS. HOWEVER, ALTHOUGH THERE IS ALWAYS A POSSIBILITY THAT THE FORMER LEADER DID NOT KNOW WHAT HIS BROTHER WAS DOING, MOST MEXICANS FIND THAT A STRETCH [VERY HARD TO BELIEVE.] MEANWHILE, U-S TAXPAYERS WHO BACKED THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION-ENGINEERED BAILOUT OF MEXICO LAST YEAR DESERVE AND EXPECT A THOROUGH INVESTIGATION IN THIS CASE."

TEXT: THE NATIONAL WEEKDAY PAPER, "USA TODAY", IS UPSET BY WHAT IT VIEWS AS ABUSES OF THE CRIMINAL SEIZURE LAWS UNDER WHICH LOCAL AND FEDERAL POLICE CAN SEIZE PEOPLE'S PROPERTY, INCLUDING CARS AND CASH, IF CRIMINAL ACTIVITY IS MERELY SUSPECTED. IN MANY CASES THE PEOPLE ARE NOT PROSECUTED BUT THE GOVERNMENT SELLS THEIR PROPERTY AND KEEPS THE MONEY.

VOICE: "BELIEVE IT OR NOT, FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES HAVE THE POWER TO TAKE YOUR BUSINESS, HOME, BANK ACCOUNT AND PERSONAL PROPERTY -- ALL WITHOUT INDICTMENT, HEARING OR TRIAL. IT ONLY TAKES A FLIMSY ASSERTION THAT THE PROPERTY MIGHT BE LINKED IN SOME WAY TO A CRIME, NO PROOF REQUIRED. EVEN WORSE, THE BASIC AMERICAN PRESUMPTION -- INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY -- IS TURNED ON ITS HEAD: TO GET THE PROPERTY BACK, THE OWNER MUST PROVE THAT IT HAS NOT BEEN USED IN A CRIME... EVEN WHERE THERE IS GUILT, FORFEITURE SHOULD NOT BE OUT OF PROPORTION TO THE CRIME. CITIZENS' PROPERTY IS THEIR OWN -- NOT PART OF A LAW ENFORCEMENT HONEY POT [CASH ACCOUNT] TO BE DIPPED INTO AT WILL."

TEXT: AND FINALLY, ON THE RECENT ALGERIAN ELECTIONS, TODAY'S "NEW YORK TIMES" SUGGESTS THIS MAY BE "A TIME FOR RECONCILIATION IN ALGERIA."

VOICE: "ELECTIONS DO MAKE A DIFFERENCE, EVEN WHEN FLAWED, AND CAN OPEN THE WAY TO A POLITICAL RESOLUTION OF BITTER CIVIL CONFLICT. THIS MIGHT WELL BE THE CASE IN ALGERIA, WHOSE MILITARY RULERS A FEW WEEKS AGO PERMITTED THE FIRST PLURALIST PRESIDENTIAL VOTE SINCE INDEPENDENCE IN 1962... THE VOTE HAS NURTURED THE HOPE FOR AN EFFECTIVE AND STABLE GOVERNMENT."

TEXT: AND ON THAT HOPEFUL NOTE, WE CONCLUDE THIS BRIEF SAMPLING OF SOME OF THE DAY'S EDITORIALS TO BE FOUND IN THE U-S PRESS.

NEB/ANG/PCH

29-Nov-95 10:50 AM EST (1550 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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[02] !!! VOA DAILY BOSNIA REPORT

VOA DAILY BOSNIA REPORT -- 11/29/95 THE FOLLOWING IS A SYNOPSIS OF SIGNIFICANT REPORTING ON BOSNIA BY THE VOICE OF AMERICA THAT HAD BEEN BROADCAST OR FIRMLY SCHEDULED AT THE TIME OF PUBLICATION. THIS SELECTION IS NOT INTENDED TO BE EXHAUSTIVE, AND DOES NOT INCLUDE LATE-BREAKING NEWS OR THE MANY REPORTS IN ALL VOA LANGUAGES THAT ARE BASED ON COMMERCIAL WIRE SERVICES OR OTHER SECONDARY SOURCES. WE REGRET THAT WE CANNOT RESPOND TO REQUESTS FOR TRANSCRIPTS OF SPECIFIC BROADCASTS OR PROGRAM SEGMENTS. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, CONTACT VOA, OFFICE OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS. TELEPHONE: +1-202-619-2538. ELECTRONIC MAIL: LETTERS@VOA.GOV (FOR CORRESPONDENCE FROM OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES); LETTERS-USA@VOA.GOV (FOR CORRESPONDENCE WITHIN THE UNITED STATES).

CLINTON / BRITAIN -- ON THE FIRST OF A FIVE-DAY EUROPEAN TRIP, PRESIDENT CLINTON ASKED BRITAIN FOR CONTINUED HELP IN 'WINNING THE PEACE' IN NORTHERN IRELAND AND IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENT DAVID BORGIDA REPORTS FROM LONDON. (11/29)

US / RUSSIA / BOSNIA -- US-RUSSIAN RELATIONSHIP HAS TAKEN A MAJOR TURN WITH THE AGREEMENT IN BRUSSELS FINALIZING PLANS FOR RUSSIAN PARTICIPATION IN BOSNIAN PEACEKEEPING. PENTAGON CORRESPONDENT DAVID GOLLUST REPORTS FROM NATO HEADQUARTERS US OFFICIALS BELIEVE THE ACCORD HAS SIGNIFICANCE GOING BEYOND THE IMMEDIATE BOSNIAN SITUATION. (11/29)

PERRY / NATO MINISTERS -- NATO DEFENSE MINISTERS CONTINUED WORK ON PLANS FOR BOSNIAN PEACEKEEPING WEDNESDAY AFTER REACHING AN ACCORD PROVIDING FOR A RUSSIAN ROLE IN THE ALLIANCE OPERATION. DEFENSE DEPARTMENT CORRESPONDENT DAVID GOLLUST REPORTS FROM NATO HEADQUARTERS IN BRUSSELS. (11/29)

HUNGARY / US TROOPS -- THE HUNGARIAN PARLIAMENT HAS CLEARED THE WAY FOR AMERICAN TROOPS UNDER NATO COMMAND TO BE TEMPORARILY STATIONED IN HUNGARY BEFORE THEY ARE SENT TO BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. CORRESPONDENT WAYNE COREY REPORTS. (11/28)

BOSNIA / UN WARNING -- THE UNITED NATIONS HAS WARNED BOSNIAN SERBS IT MAY USE FORCE TO COMPEL THEM TO ALLOW RELIEF CONVOYS TO REACH THE MUSLIM ENCLAVE OF GORAZDE IN EASTERN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. CORRESPONDENT WAYNE COREY REPORTS. (11/29)

CLINTON / BOSNIA -- AS THE REPUBLICAN-LED CONGRESS BEGAN HEARINGS TUESDAY ON THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION'S PLANS TO DEPLOY US PEACEKEEPING TROOPS IN BOSNIA, THE PRESIDENT CONTINUED HIS EFFORT TO RALLY SUPPORT FOR THE MISSION. WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENT DEBORAH TATE REPORTS SOME REPUBLICAN LAWMAKERS ARE NOT BUYING THE PRESIDENT'S ARGUMENT THAT SENDING AMERICAN TROOPS INTO HARMS WAY IN BOSNIA IS IN THE US INTEREST. (11/28)

GOP CANDIDATES / BOSNIA -- REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES ARE DIVIDED OVER THE QUESTION OF SENDING US TROOPS INTO BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA AS PEACEKEEPERS. POLITICAL CORRESPONDENT JIM MALONE REPORTS SEVERAL REPUBLICAN PRESIDENTIAL CONTENDERS AIRED THEIR VIEWS ON BOSNIA TUESDAY AT A MEETING IN WASHINGTON. (11/28)

CLINTON / ARRIVAL -- PRESIDENT CLINTON HAS ARRIVED IN LONDON FOR A FULL DAY OF TALKS FOCUSING ON THE JUST-ANNOUNCED PROGRESS IN THE NORTHERN IRELAND PEACE PROCESS AND ON ENFORCING THE PEACE AGREEMENT FOR BOSNIA. CORRESPONDENT DAVID BORGIDA IS TRAVELING WITH THE PRESIDENT AND REPORTS FROM LONDON. (11/29)

BOSNIA PEACE / TALK TO AMERICA -- AS PRESIDENT CLINTON BEGAN A EUROPEAN TOUR TO BUILD ALLIED SUPPORT FOR A BOSNIAN PEACEKEEPING FORCE, 'TALK TO AMERICA' EXAMINED BOTH THE MILITARY AND POLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE PLAN. DIRECTOR OF THE CENTER FOR DEFENSE INFORMATION, JACK SHANAHAN AND KENNETH JENSEN, DIRECTOR OF SPECIAL PROGRAMS AT THE US INSTITUTE OF PEACE, JOINED IN A DISCUSSION OF THE PROPOSAL. CORRESPONDENT DAVID BORGIDA, TRAVELLING WITH PRESIDENT CLINTON, REPORTED ON THE LATEST OF THE PRESIDENT'S ACTIVITIES. (TTA 11/29)

POSAVINA REFUGEES / PROTEST -- ANGRY CROATS FROM THE POSAVINA REGION DEMONSTRATED AGAINST THE DAYTON PEACE ACCORD IN FRONT OF THE CROATIAN PARLIAMENT BUILDING DURING OPENING SESSION OF THE NEWLY ELECTED LOWER HOUSE. THE SPEAKER OF THE PARLIAMENT MET WITH THE DEMONSTRATORS. STRINGER SLAVICA LUKIC REPORTS FROM ZAGREB. (CROATIAN 11/28)

UNPROFOR / BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA -- SPECIAL UN ENVOY KOFI ANNAN VISITED SARAJEVO AND SAID THAT UN IS PROUD OF ITS ACHIEVEMENTS IN BOSNIA. HE ALSO MET WITH BOSNIAN PRESIDENT ALIJA IZETBEGOVIC ABOUT IMPLEMENTING THE DAYTON PEACE ACCORD. STRINGER VLADIMIR BILIC REPORTS FROM SARAJEVO. (CROATIAN 11/28)

SARAJEVO SERBS / ALIJA IZETBEGOVIC -- BOSNIAN PRESIDENT ALIJA IZETBEGOVIC ASSURED SERBS IN AREAS TO BE PLACED UNDER GOVERNMENT CONTROL THAT THEY WILL BE SAFE AND PROTECTED. HE ALSO PROMISED THE PROSECUTION OF WAR CRIMINALS. STRINGER VLADIMIR BILIC REPORTS. (CROATIAN 11/28)

CILLER / SARAJEVO -- TURKISH PRIME MINISTER T CILLER MET WITH BOSNIAN PRESIDENT ALIJA IZETBEGOVIC FOR TALKS ON TURKEY'S ROLE IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. BOSNIAN REPRESENTATIVES CONTINUE THEIR DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS TO CONVINCE REPUBLICANS IN THE US CONGRESS TO SUPPORT THE SENDING OF US PEACEKEEPERS TO BOSNIA. STRINGER BORO KONTIC REPORTS. (SERBIAN 11/28)

TUDJMAN / UN -- CROATIAN PRESIDENT F TUDJMAN REPEATED HIS OPPOSITION TO THE EXTENSION OF UN TROOP MANDATE IN CROATIA. IN THE MEANTIME, CROATS FROM THE BOSNIAN POSAVINA REGION URGED PRESIDENT TUDJMAN NOT TO SIGN A BOSNIAN PEACE AGREEMENT IN PARIS. STRINGER STEVICA SUSA REPORTS FROM ZAGREB. (SERBIAN 11/28)

NATO / RUSSIA -- NATO AND RUSSIA REACHED AN AGREEMENT ON THE PARTICIPATION OF RUSSIAN TROOPS IN A MULTINATIONAL PEACE KEEPING FORCE IN BOSNIA. THE ACCORD SETS UP A FORMAL MECHANISM UNDER WHICH MOSCOW WILL HAVE ITS SAY, BUT NOT VETO, IN DECISIONS AFFECTING THE PEACE FORCE. STRINGER DRAGAN BLAGOJEVIC REPORTS FROM BRUSSELS. (SERBIAN 11/28)

SERBIA / SOCIALISTS -- THREE LEADING MEMBERS OF THE RULING SOCIALIST PARTY OF SERBIA WERE REMOVED FROM THEIR POSITIONS. IT IS BELIEVED THAT PRESIDENT S MILOSEVIC, IN A SHIFT OF HIS POLICIES, WANTED TO GET RID OF THE OLD CADRES. STRINGER MILICA KUBUROVIC REPORTS FROM BELGRADE. (SERBIAN 11/28)

CLINTON ADDRESS / BOSNIA -- IN HIS NATIONWIDE SPEECH, PRESIDENT CLINTON EXPLAINED WHY THE US SHOULD SEND FORCES TO PROTECT PEACE IN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA. STAFFER ZEINAB ABDELRAHMAN INTERVIEWS PROFESSOR GREGORY GAUSE OF VERMONT UNIVERSITY ABOUT THE PRESIDENT'S POSITION. (ARABIC 11/28)

DAYTON AGREEMENT / REACTIONS -- IVO BANAC, HISTORY PROFESSOR AT YALE UNIVERSITY DISCUSSES THE DAYTON PEACE-PLAN, AND US INTERESTS IN THE BALKANS. HE SAYS THE US IS MOSTLY CONCERNED ABOUT THE BALANCE OF POWER AND STABILITY IN THE BALKANS. INTERVIEW BY STAFFER IVANA KUHAR. (CROATIAN 11/28)

CLINTON BOSNIA SPEECH REACTION / GARNETT -- SHERMAN GARNETT OF THE CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT TALKS TO STAFFER NATALIE CLARKSON ABOUT PRESIDENT CLINTON'S BOSNIA SPEECH. HE FEELS THAT PRESIDENT CLINTON WAS SUCCESSFUL IN PRESENTING HIS CASE FOR SENDING US TROOPS TO BOSNIA AND ON DEPICTING THE US ROLE IN THE WORLD. (RUSSIAN 11/28)

CLINTON BOSNIA SPEECH REACTION / MCFAUL -- POLITICAL SCIENTIST MICHAEL MCFAUL WHO RECENTLY RETURNED FROM A VISIT TO RUSSIA SAID IN AN INTERVIEW WITH STAFFER NATALIE CLARKSON THAT PRESIDENT YELTSIN SUPPORTS PRESIDENT CLINTON'S INITIATIVE ON THE BOSNIA QUESTION. SOME OF THE CAMPAIGN RHETORIC IN RUSSIA AT THE CURRENT TIME, HE CONTINUED, CENTERS AROUND THE ALLEGATION THAT THIS INITIATIVE IS JUST ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF US EXPANSIONISM. (RUSSIAN 11/28)

CLINTON BOSNIA SPEECH REACTION / REMINGTON -- PROFESSOR THOMAS REMINGTON OF EMORY UNIVERSITY IN ATLANTA THINKS THAT PRESIDENT CLINTON MADE THE CASE FOR US PARTICIPATION IN THE BOSNIAN CONFLICT WELL. HE TOLD STAFFER NATALIE CLARKSON THAT WITHOUT US INVOLVEMENT, THERE WILL NEVER BE PEACE IN THAT REGION OF THE WORLD. (RUSSIAN 11/28)

CLINTON BOSNIA SPEECH REACTION / FREIDIN -- PROFESSOR GREGORY FREIDIN OF STANFORD SAYS IN AN INTERVIEW WITH STAFFER VLADIMIR MATLIN THAT IT IS IN THE GLOBAL VITAL INTERESTS OF THE UNITED STATES TO TAKE A LEADING ROLE AND HELP SECURE PEACE IN THE BALKANS. (RUSSIAN 11/28)

CLINTON BOSNIA SPEECH REACTION / LEGVOLD -- PROFESSOR ROBERT LEGVOLD OF COLUMBIA TOLD STAFFER ALEC BATCHAN THAT ALTHOUGH PRESIDENT CLINTON'S SPEECH ON BOSNIA WAS EFFECTIVE, IT DID NOT NECESSARILY CONVINCE THE AMERICAN PEOPLE OF THE NECESSITY OF THIS STEP. CONGRESS, HE FEELS, WILL SUPPORT PRESIDENT CLINTON IN HIS BOSNIA INITIATIVE. (RUSSIAN 11/28) 29-Nov-95 4:37 PM EST (2137 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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[03] ARGENTINA / CROATIA (L ONLY) BY GEORGE MEEK (RIO DE JANEIRO)

INTRO: A SECRET OFFICIAL REPORT IN ARGENTINA REPORTEDLY CONFIRMS THAT THE GOVERNMENT SOLD 65-HUNDRED TONS OF ARMS TO CROATIA BETWEEN 1991 AND 1995, DESPITE THE UNITED NATIONS EMBARGO. WE HAVE DETAILS FROM GEORGE MEEK IN OUR SOUTH AMERICA BUREAU.

TEXT: THE BUENOS AIRES NEWSPAPER "CLARIN," WHICH FIRST REPORTED ALLEGATIONS OF THE ARMS SALES TO CROATIA IN MARCH, HAS PUBLISHED A SECRET REPORT ON THE AFFAIR PREPARED BY ARGENTINE CUSTOMS FOR FEDERAL PROSECUTORS.

THE REPORT SAYS CROATIA BOUGHT CANNONS, RIFLES, SHORT-RANGE MISSILES, MINES, HAND GRENADES, AND A LARGE AMOUNT OF AMMUNITION. THE WEAPONS WERE OSTENSIBLY DESTINED FOR PANAMA, WHICH HAS ABOLISHED ITS ARMY.

THE REPORT SAYS THE ARMS, WORTH 35 MILLION DOLLARS, WERE SOLD BY THE ARGENTINE MILITARY ORDNANCE COMPANY TO DUMMY FIRMS IN NEIGHBORING URUGUAY, AND TRANSPORTED ON SEVEN SHIPS OF THE CROATIA LINE.

THE FORMER DIRECTOR OF THE ORDNANCE COMPANY, LUIS SARLENGA, AND THREE OTHER COMPANY OFFICIALS WERE INDICTED TWO WEEKS AGO IN A SEPARATE CASE INVOLVING ILLEGAL ARMS SALES TO ECUADOR DURING ITS BORDER WAR THIS YEAR WITH PERU. THOSE WEAPONS WERE ALSO CHANNELED THROUGH DUMMY COMPANIES IN URUGUAY. "CLARIN" REPORTS THE ARMS EXPORTS TO CROATIA WERE AUTHORIZED IN THREE SECRET DECREES THAT BEAR THE SIGNATURES OF ARGENTINE PRESIDENT CARLOS MENEM AND SEVERAL MINISTERS.

PRESIDENT MENEM TOLD A LOCAL RADIO STATION WEDNESDAY THERE WERE NO DIRECT ARMS SALES TO CROATIA OR ECUADOR. HE SAID IF INVESTIGATION CONFIRMS DEALS THROUGH THIRD PARTIES, THOSE RESPONSIBLE WILL BE PUNISHED.

ARGENTINA SENT TROOPS TO CROATIA AS PART OF THE UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING FORCE, AND IS ONE OF FOUR COUNTRIES THAT MEDIATED A CEASEFIRE BETWEEN ECUADOR AND PERU. (SIGNED)

NEB/GM/JM
29-Nov-95 4:36 PM EST (2136 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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[04] BOSNIA BY DAN NOBLE (WASHINGTON)

INTRO: COMMENTATORS IN AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS CONTINUE TO EXPRESS THEIR OPINIONS ABOUT PRESIDENT CLINTON'S DECISION TO SEND 20-THOUSAND AMERICAN GROUND TROOPS TO BOSNIA AS PART OF A NATO PEACEKEEPING FORCE. BEFORE HE LEFT ON A FIVE-DAY TRIP TO EUROPE, MR. CLINTON SAID THAT HE KNOWS THAT "THERE ARE MANY QUESTIONS AND GOOD QUESTIONS THAT HAVE TO BE ANSWERED." BUT HE STRESSED THAT, IN HIS WORDS: "AMERICA MUST CHOOSE PEACE." _________________ HAS THIS DIGEST OF COMMENTS EXPRESSED WEDNESDAY IN SOME OF THE NATION'S LEADING DAILIES.

TEXT: THE COMMENTARY PAGE OF THE PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER OFFERS TWO DIFFERENT POINTS OF VIEW. ONE IS EXPRESSED BY COLUMNIST TRUDY RUBIN AND HEADLINED, "IF WE DON'T GO INTO BOSNIA THE FIGHTING WILL RESUME." SHE STATES THAT, "THE FIGHTING THERE IS BOUND TO START AGAIN, WITH ATTENDANT RISKS THAT IT WILL SPREAD ELSEWHERE IN SOUTHERN EUROPE. THE NATO ALLIANCE WILL BE IN DISARRAY." MS RUBIN SAYS, "UNDER SUCH CONDITIONS, THE BRITISH AND FRENCH WILL PULL OUT THE TROOPS THEY ALREADY HAVE IN PLACE IN BOSNIA, AND WILL ASK AMERICA TO KEEP ITS PLEDGE TO SEND TROOPS TO HELP THEM OUT." AND, CONTINUES MS RUBIN: "IF THERE IS ONE THING THAT CAN BE SAID FOR CERTAIN ABOUT BOSNIA, IT IS THAT KEEPING U.S. TROOPS HOME WILL DOOM THE PEACE AND RESTART A DANGEROUS WAR."

ALSO IN THE PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER, ED RUGGERO, A U-S MILITARY ACADEMY GRADUATE, A FORMER INFANTRY OFFICER, AND AUTHOR OF FOUR NOVELS, CAUTIONS THAT IF AMERICAN TROOPS ARE SENT TO BOSNIA, SOME WILL BE KILLED. MR. RUGGERO SAYS THAT: "IT MIGHT SOUND LIKE A GREAT IDEA IF YOU'RE HOME IN THE STATES; AFTER ALL, WHO CAN BE AGAINST STOPPING WAR CRIMES?" BUT, SAYS MR. RUGGERO, "WHILE THE POLITICIANS TOSS AROUND TERMS LIKE 'U.S. FORCES' AND 'AMERICAN COMBAT POWER', REMEMBER THAT WE'RE TALKING ABOUT FLESH AND BLOOD PEOPLE... THE PRESIDENT TOLD US THAT THE SOLDIERS ARE WELL-TRAINED, AND THEY ARE -- BUT NOT FOR THIS MISSION." [OPT] GUEST COLUMNIST ED RUGGERO QUESTIONS TAKING U-S SOLDIERS FROM ARMORED DIVISIONS IN EUROPE AND USING THEM AS PEACE OFFICERS AND HUMANITARIAN RELIEF WORKERS. HE NOTES THAT PRESIDENT CLINTON SAID "THE TROOPS WILL HAVE A CLEAR MISSION", BUT ADDS IT'S "NO SURPRISE THAT THE WAFFLING FOREIGN-POLICY STANCE OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION MIGHT LEAVE SOLDIERS WONDERING WHAT TODAY'S LIFE-OR-DEATH MISSION WILL BE CALLED TOMORROW." [END OPT] HE CONCLUDES: "NO MORE FUZZY THINKING WHEN LIVES ARE ON THE LINE: OUR SOLDIERS NEED CLEAR RULES OF ENGAGEMENT."

TAKING A SIMILAR VIEW IS LARS-ERIK NELSON, A NEW YORK DAILY NEWS COLUMNIST. HE OFFERS THE OPINION THAT "BOSNIA DOES NOT NEED PEACEKEEPERS; IT NEEDS ZOOKEEPERS." HE SAYS "THE U-S TROOPS WHO WILL HAVE THE TASK OF SEPARATING THE SERBS, CROATS AND MUSLIMS OUGHT TO BE PROPERLY ARMED WITH NETS AND THE KIND OF NOOSE POLES USED AGAINST MAD DOGS. YES," SAYS MISTER NELSON, "U-S TROOPS WILL GO TO BOSNIA. PRESIDENT CLINTON IS COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF, AND CONGRESS INEVITABLY ROLLS OVER WHEN IT HEARS APPEALS TO THE NEED FOR U-S GLOBAL LEADERSHIP. BUT THE TROOPS HAVE NO IDEA WHAT THEY ARE GETTING INTO, BECAUSE THE PRESIDENT WHO IS SENDING THEM HAS NO IDEA, EITHER."

WILLIAM PFAFF, A LOS ANGELES TIMES SYNDICATED COLUMNIST BASED IN PARIS, TELLS READERS THAT, "THE DETERRENCE THAT FUNCTIONED IN THE COLD WAR CAN FUNCTION (IN BOSNIA). IT WOULD BE GREATLY REINFORCED WERE IT BACKED BY A THREAT OF RENEWED NATO BOMBING IN CASE OF RENEWED AGGRESSION." MR. PFAFF CONCLUDES HIS COLUMN BY SAYING THAT, "THE CRYBABY APPROACH TO WHETHER 'OUR BOYS' (ELSEWHERE IDENTIFIED AS PROFESSIONAL SOLDIERS) MIGHT BE SHOT AT IN THE EXECUTION OF NATIONAL COMMITMENTS HAS ALREADY DONE MASSIVE DAMAGE TO AMERICA'S REPUTATION IN THOSE COUNTRIES THAT HAVE TAKEN SCORES OF CASUALTIES AMONG THEIR OWN PEOPLE SERVING IN U-N (AND THE PRIVATE AID AGENCIES') EFFORTS TO PROVIDE HUMANITARIAN HELP TO THE YUGOSLAVS. IT USED TO BE AN AMERICAN AXIOM THAT IF YOU START SOMETHING, YOU FINISH IT."

ANOTHER THOUGHT ON THE BOSNIA SITUATION COMES FROM DIMITRI SIMES, PRESIDENT OF THE NIXON CENTER FOR PEACE AND FREEDOM. WRITING IN NEWSDAY, A LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK, NEWSPAPER, MR. SIMES SAYS THAT "WHAT THE PRESIDENT NEGLECTED TO TELL THE AMERICAN PEOPLE IS THAT IT IS THE ACTIONS OF HIS OWN ADMINISTRATION THAT HAVE CREATED A SITUATION IN WHICH THERE IS LITTLE CHOICE BUT TO SEND U-S TROOPS TO AN AREA WHERE WE DO NOT HAVE IMPORTANT SECURITY INTERESTS AND WHERE THE MORALITY OF OUR MISSION IS FAR FROM CERTAIN. TO PROVIDE A GEOPOLITICAL RATIONALE FOR DISPATCHING U-S TROOPS, (PRESIDENT) CLINTON CLAIMS THAT 'TO BRING STABILITY TO CENTRAL EUROPE...IS VITAL TO OUR NATIONAL INTERESTS'. FAIR ENOUGH," SAYS DIMITRI SIMES, "BUT SINCE WHEN IS BOSNIA IN CENTRAL EUROPE?"

RICHARD C. HOTTELET, A LONGTIME FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT FOR THE COLUMBIA BROADCASTING SYSTEM, WRITES IN WEDNESDAY'S CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR THAT "THE UNITED STATES HAS MADE PEACE POSSIBLE. WITHOUT FULL AMERICAN PARTICIPATION," HE ARGUES, "IT WILL AGAIN BE UP FORM GRABS. BRITAIN HAS SAID THAT ITS TROOPS WILL BE IN BOSNIA ONLY TOGETHER WITH THE AMERICANS. TO BE SURE, U-S SECURITY IS NOT IMMEDIATELY AFFECTED BY WHATEVER HAPPENS. HOWEVER, NOT TO SEE AMERICA'S VITAL INTERESTS INVOLVED THERE IS TO SEE NO FARTHER THAN THE END OF ONE'S NOSE."

THIS CONCLUDES ANOTHER EDITION OF A SPECIAL VOICE OF AMERICA SERIES ON THE VIEWS OF AMERICAN NEWSPAPER COLUMNISTS WRITING ON DEVELOPMENTS IN BOSNIA AND THE PLANNED DEPLOYMENT OF U-S TROOPS THERE.

NEB/DN/PCH
29-Nov-95 9:50 AM EST (1450 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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[05] BOSNIA / U-S TROOPS (S ONLY) BY WAYNE COREY (VIENNA)

INTRO: A U-S MILITARY ADVANCE TEAM IS IN NORTHERN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA TO PREPARE FOR THE DEPLOYMENT OF 20-THOUSAND SOLDIERS THERE UNDER NATO COMMAND. V-O-A'S CENTRAL EUROPEAN CORRESPONDENT, WAYNE COREY, REPORTS.

TEXT: THE ADVANCE TEAM OF ABOUT 10 AMERICANS ARRIVED IN THE GOVERNMENT-HELD TOWN OF TUZLA IN NORTHERN BOSNIA, WHERE THE U-S TROOPS WILL BE BASED.

THE TROOPS OF THE U-S ARMY'S FIRST ARMORED DIVISION, STATIONED IN GERMANY, WILL HELP IMPLEMENT THE NEW PEACE AGREEMENT FOR BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA.

BRITISH FORCES, ATTACHED TO NATO, WILL OPERATE IN CENTRAL BOSNIA. FRENCH FORCES WILL OPERATE IN SARAJEVO AND IN SOUTHERN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA.

THE DEPLOYMENT OF U-S TROOPS IN THE NORTH WILL GET UNDERWAY EARLY NEXT MONTH. THE MAIN U-S FORCE WILL BE SENT AFTER THE NEW PEACE AGREEMENT IS SIGNED IN PARIS.

THE U-S FORCES WILL BE SUPPORTED BY A TEMPORARY LOGISTICS BASE TO BE ESTABLISHED IN SOUTHERN HUNGARY.

IF THE AMERICAN TROOPS IN BOSNIA ARE SERIOUSLY ENDANGERED, THEY COULD BE BACKED UP BY NATO AIRPOWER AND MARINES ON A U-S AIRCRAFT CARRIER IN THE ADRIATIC SEA.

A SMALL FORCE OF U-S MARINES IS ALSO CURRENTLY IN ALBANIA. THE MARINES THERE ARE SAID TO BE INVOLVED IN COLD WEATHER TRAINING. (SIGNED)

NEB/WC/JWH/RAE
29-Nov-95 12:12 PM EST (1712 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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[06] BOSNIA SITREP (L) BY WAYNE COREY ( VIENNA )

INTRO: THE UNITED NATIONS IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA HAS WARNED IT MAY USE FORCE TO COMPEL THE SERBS TO ALLOW U-N CONVOYS TO REACH THE MUSLIM ENCLAVE OF GORAZDE. THE SERBS ARE SAID TO BE VIOLATING THE CEASEFIRE AGREEMENT'S PROVISION FOR FREE MOVEMENT FOR U-N PERSONNEL. V-O-A'S CENTRAL EUROPEAN CORRESPONDENT, WAYNE COREY, REPORTS.

TEXT: A U-N SPOKESMAN IN SARAJEVO SAYS THE BOSNIAN SERBS HAVE BEEN HARRASSING AND DELAYING U-N CONVOYS, TRYING TO GET TO GORAZDE. THE SPOKESMAN, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL CHRIS VERNON, SAYS THIS SITUATION HAS WORSENED DURING THE PAST FEW DAYS. HE SAYS THE U-N COMMANDER IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA, BRITISH GENERAL RUPERT SMITH, IS CONSIDERING WHETHER TO USE RAPID-REACTION-FORCE ARTILLERY TO ATTACK SERB POSITIONS. GORAZDE IS AN ISOLATED MUSLIM ENCLAVE IN EASTERN BOSNIA. IT IS TO REMAIN IN GOVERNMENT HANDS AND TO BE LINKED TO SARAJEVO BY A CORRIDOR UNDER THE TERMS OF THE NEW PEACE AGREEMENT FOR BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. U-N RAPID REACTION FORCE ARTILLERY WAS USED AGAINST THE SERBS IN SEPTEMBER WHILE NATO WARPLANES BOMBED SERB POSITIONS. THE U-N AND NATO ACTION FOLLOWED THE SERB CAPTURE OF TWO U-N/DECLARED SAFE AREAS AND A DEADLY SHELLING ATTACK IN SARAJEVO. THE RAPID-REACTION-FORCE ARTILLERY IS ACCURATE AND POWERFUL. IT IS THE MOST POTENT GROUND WEAPON AVAILABLE TO THE U-N PEACE-KEEPING FORCES IN BOSNIA. THE SERBS MAY BE TESTING U-N RESOLVE AT A TIME WHEN U-N PEACE-KEEPERS ARE ABOUT TO BE REPLACED BY NATO FORCES THAT WILL HELP IMPLEMENT THE NEW PEACE AGREEMENT. A THIRD OF THE 60-THOUSAND NATO TROOPS TO BE DEPLOYED IN BOSNIA WILL BE AMERICANS. THE U-S SOLDIERS WILL BE BASED IN THE GOVERNMENT TOWN OF TUZLA IN THE NORTHEAST. AN AMERICAN ADVANCE TEAM IS IN TUZLA TO PREPARE FOR THE U-S DEPLOYMENT. ONE MORE ADVANCE TEAM IS EXPECTED TO GO TO TUZLA BEFORE THE MAIN U-S FORCE BEGINS ARRIVING NEXT MONTH. (SIGNED)

NEB/WC/MH/RAE
29-Nov-95 9:59 AM EST (1459 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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[07] BOSNIAN STUDENT PROJECT HELPS YOUTH FROM 15 TO 30 BY JUDITH LATHAM (WASHINGTON)

INTRO: FOR THE PAST TWO YEARS, THE BOSNIAN STUDENT PROJECT HAS HELPED BOSNIAN YOUTH COME TO THE UNITED STATES TO STUDY AND COMPLETE THEIR SECONDARY SCHOOL OR COLLEGE

TEXT: SINCE WORLD WAR I, AN INTERFAITH, PACIFIST ORGANIZATION CALLED THE FELLOWSHIP OF RECONCILIATION HAS BEEN TRYING TO FIND ALTERNATIVES TO VIOLENCE AND BUILD A MORE JUST AND PEACEFUL WORLD. THAT'S ACCORDING TO DOUG HOSTETTER [HOS-STET-ER], THE FELLOWSHIP'S INTERNATIONAL AND INTERFAITH SECRETARY. HE IS ALSO DIRECTOR OF THE BOSNIAN STUDENT PROJECT, WHICH HAS HELPED BRING 106 BOSNIAN STUDENTS OUT OF THE WAR ZONE AND INTO U.S. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. MR. HOSTETTER SAYS ALL THE YOUNG PEOPLE ARE ON FULL-TUITION SCHOLARSHIPS, AND MOST LIVE WITH AMERICAN FAMILIES. MANY ARE OF BOSNIAN MUSLIM OR MIXED ETHNIC BACKGROUND, AND THEY WERE UNABLE TO CONTINUE THEIR EDUCATION BECAUSE THEIR PROFESSORS WERE KILLED DURING THE WAR OR THEIR UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS WERE DESTROYED.

TAPE: CUT ONE -- HOSTETTER (0:19) "WE TRY TO SELECT THE STUDENTS THAT ARE IN MOST NEED. WE TAKE ONLY TALENTED STUDENTS WHO WILL BE SUCCESSFUL IN THE AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AND STUDENTS WHO HAVE GOOD ENGLISH. BEYOND THAT, WE TRY TO LOOK FOR STUDENTS WHO WILL BE THE FUTURE LEADERS OF THE COUNTRY, BUT ARE UNABLE TO CONTINUE THEIR EDUCATION IN THEIR CURRENT SITUATION."

TEXT: MOST OF THE STUDENTS ARE REFUGEES. FOR EXAMPLE, MR. HOSTETTER SAYS, A STUDENT'S FATHER MIGHT HAVE BEEN KILLED IN A CONCENTRATION CAMP OR STILL BE HELD AT SOME UNDISCLOSED LOCATION, WHILE THE MOTHER IS AN UNEMPLOYED REFUGEE SOMEWHERE IN CROATIA. THE ROLE OF THE BOSNIAN STUDENT PROJECT IS TO LOCATE U.S. INSTITUTIONS THAT ARE WILLING TO PROVIDE ACADEMIC SCHOLARSHIPS AND RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES WHOSE MEMBERS CAN OFFER THE STUDENT ROOM AND BOARD.

TAPE: CUT TWO -- HOSTETTER (0:24) "MANY OF THE FAMILIES ALSO GET SUPPORT FROM RELIGIOUS CONGREGATIONS, AND VERY OFTEN BOTH MUSLIM, JEWISH, AND CHRISTIAN CONGREGATIONS IN THEIR PARTICULAR AREA. WE ARE AN INTERFAITH ORGANIZATION, BUT THIS IS PROBABLY THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PROGRAM THAT WE HAVE EVER DONE IN THE UNITED STATES WHICH HAS BROUGHT JEWS, CHRISTIANS, AND MUSLIMS TOGETHER TO HELP PEOPLE WHO ARE VICTIMS OF TRAGIC DISCRIMINATION."

TEXT: DOUG HOSTETTER SAYS THE HOST INSTITUTIONS PARTICIPATING IN THE PROJECT AND THE BOSNIAN STUDENTS ATTENDING SCHOOL THERE HAVE RECIPROCAL RESPONSIBILITIES. HE SAYS THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, BY ITS INVOLVEMENT IS MAKING A STATEMENT OF SUPPORT FOR THE PROJECT AND THE STUDENTS, IN TURN, HAVE BASICALLY TWO OBLIGATIONS:

TAPE: CUT THREE -- HOSTETTER (0:34) "THE STUDENTS HAVE TWO RESPONSIBILITIES WHEN THEY COME TO THE UNITED STATES. THE FIRST IS THEY KNOW THAT THEY ARE HERE TO LEARN THEIR OWN PROFESSION TO RETURN TO HELP TO REBUILD THEIR COUNTRY. BUT WE ALSO ARE VERY CLEAR WITH THEM THAT THEY HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO HELP AMERICANS UNDERSTAND THE DANGERS OF RACIAL AND RELIGIOUS AND ETHNIC BIGOTRY AND HATRED, WHAT HAPPENS TO A SOCIETY AND A CULTURE, EVEN A VERY SUCCESSFUL MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY, WHEN THE POLITICS OF HATRED ARE USED BY POLITICIANS. AND, I THINK AMERICANS HAVE A LOT TO LEARN FROM BOSNIA."

TEXT: AMERICANS FAMILIES, SUCH AS HIS OWN, DOUG HOSTETTER SAYS, ALSO BENEFIT ENORMOUSLY FROM HOSTING THESE BOSNIAN STUDENTS.

TAPE: CUT FOUR -- HOSTETTER (0:23) "I AM MENNONITE [PROTESTANT], AND MY WIFE IS JEWISH. WE ARE AN INTERFAITH FAMILY TO START WITH, AND WE'VE ADDED TWO BOSNIAN MUSLIMS TO OUR FAMILY. I HAVE TWO BOYS OF MY OWN, A NINE-YEAR OLD AND A THIRTEEN-YEAR OLD, AND IT'S BEEN AN EXCITING EXPERIENCE FOR THEM TO HAVE TWO OLDER BROTHERS, BOTH COLLEGE AGE, MOVE INTO THE FAMILY. AND, IT'S BEEN A WONDERFUL EXPERIENCE FOR ALL OF US."

TEXT: ONE OF THE BOSNIAN STUDENTS IS DAMIR FAZLIC [DAH-MEER FAHZ-LITCH], WHO'S PURSUING AN M-B-A, OR MASTER'S OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, AT BUTLER UNIVERSITY IN INDIANA. DAMIR'S FAMILY IS ORIGINALLY FROM KOSAREC [KOH-ZAH-RETS], A BOSNIAN TOWN THAT WAS ETHNICALLY CLEANSED BY THE SERBS IN MAY 1992, AND HIS PARENTS WERE INTERNED AT TRNOPOLJE [TER-NOH-POL-YEH] CONCENTRATION CAMP. AT THAT TIME, DAMIR SAYS, HE WAS A STUDENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB IN CROATIA. BUT, IN 1993, WHEN THE CONFLICT ERUPTED BETWEEN BOSNIA AND CROATIA, MUSLIM STUDENTS FROM BOSNIA WERE NO LONGER WELCOME AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB, SO HE WAS UNABLE TO CONTINUE HIS STUDIES.

TAPE: CUT FIVE -- FAZLIC (0:25)**PHONER EQ/BRIGHTEN** "WE COULDN'T WORK, WE COULDN'T STAY IN DORMS, WE COULDN'T EAT IN THE CAFETERIA, ALL THOSE THINGS, JUST BECAUSE WE WERE FOREIGN STUDENTS. AND WE FORMED AN ASSOCIATION OF STUDENTS FROM BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. WE MET A LOT OF PEOPLE FROM OTHER COUNTRIES -- FROM AUSTRIA, FROM GERMANY -- AND WE WERE LUCKY TO MEET SOME PEOPLE FROM THE UNITED STATES WHO HELPED US START THE BOSNIAN STUDENT PROJECT."

TEXT: DAMIR'S YOUNGER BROTHER, WHO GRADUATED FROM AN AMERICAN HIGH SCHOOL IN COLORADO LAST SPRING, IS NOW STUDYING AT A COMMUNITY COLLEGE IN NEW YORK STATE. DAMIR SAYS THE BOSNIAN STUDENT PROJECT HAS CHANGED THEIR LIVES AND OTHERS' AS WELL.

TAPE: CUT SIX -- FAZLIC (0:16) **PHONER EQ/BRIGHTEN** "I MET A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO HELPED ME, WHO HELPED MY BROTHER, WHO HELPED MY FAMILY, WHO HELPED MY FRIENDS, AND IT GIVES ME HOPE THAT THERE ARE STILL GOOD PEOPLE AND THAT WE CAN MAKE THIS WORLD BETTER."

TEXT: DAMIR FAZLIC SAYS HE HOPES TO RETURN TO BOSNIA WHEN HE COMPLETES HIS EDUCATION BECAUSE HE WANTS TO HELP IN THE REBUILDING PROCESS. OF THE TENS OF THOUSANDS OF COLLEGE-AGE BOSNIANS WHO WERE DRIVEN FROM THEIR HOMES BY THE WAR, ONLY ABOUT 2,000 HAVE FOUND PLACES AT UNIVERSITIES IN OTHER COUNTRIES. THOUGH THERE'S NO OFFICIAL COUNT OF THE NUMBER IN THE UNITED STATES, THE FIGURE IS ESTIMATED TO RANGE BETWEEN 200 AND 400. OF THAT NUMBER, THE BOSNIAN STUDENT PROJECT HAS HELPED 106 PURSUE AN EDUCATION. 29-Nov-95 8:58 AM EST (1358 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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[08] BOSNIAN SERB CRIMES (L ONLY) BY ELAINE JOHANSON (UNITED NATIONS)

INTRO: U-N SECRETARY-GENERAL BOUTROS BOUTROS-GHALI SAYS THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY MUST DEMAND A FULL ACCOUNTING OF ALLEGED BOSNIAN SERB ATROCITIES SINCE THE FALL OF SREBRENICA LAST JULY. THE UNITED NATIONS ISSUED A REPORT WEDNESDAY ON THE FINAL SERB OFFENSIVES IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. VOA CORRESPONDENT ELAINE JOHANSON HAS DETAILS.

TEXT: THE UNITED NATIONS HAS NO NEW INFORMATION ON THE FATE OF MUSLIMS AND SOME CROATS IN BOSNIA -- WHO EITHER DIED IN FIGHTING, WERE SUMMARILY EXECUTED OR TAKEN AWAY BY THE BOSNIAN SERBS INTO FORCED LABOR PROGRAMS. SECRETARY-GENERAL BOUTROS-GHALI ADMITS THE UNITED NATIONS HAS NOT BEEN ALLOWED TO INVESTIGATE THE AREAS WHERE HUMAN RIGHTS ARE SAID TO HAVE BEEN BRUTALLY VIOLATED.

BUT -- THE RECENT PEACE ACCORD NOTWITHSTANDING -- U-N SPOKESMAN AHMAD FAWZI SAYS THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY MUST INSIST ON THE COOPERATION OF THE BOSNIAN SERBS

THE MORAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IS HEAVY INDEED. THE WORLD SURELY MUST NOT ALLOW SUCH ACTS TO GO UNPUNISHED, WHEREVER AND BY WHOMEVER THEY ARE COMMITTED. IF IT DOES, THESE AND SIMILAR CRIMES WILL HAPPEN AGAIN.

THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE ARE STILL REPORTED MISSING. THE UNITED NATIONS ESTIMATES BETWEEN THREE AND SIX THOUSAND MUSLIMS ARE UNACCOUNTED FOR FROM THE SREBRENICA AREA ALONE. FIGURES ARE ALSO IMPRECISE FOR THE TOWNS OF ZEPA AND BANJA LUKA -- THOUGH SREBRENICA IS THOUGHT, BY FAR, TO HAVE SUFFERED THE HIGHEST TOLL.

BASED ON EYEWITNESS ACCOUNTS --INCLUDING REPORTS BY DUTCH PEACEKEEPERS -- THE UNITED NATIONS PUTS BOSNIAN SERB GENERAL RATKO MLADIC DIRECTLY ON THE SCENE. GENERAL MLADIC AND HIS POLITICAL BOSS -- RADOVAN KARADZIC -- HAVE BEEN INDICTED BY THE WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL IN THE HAGUE.

WITH THE UNITED NATIONS ABOUT TO BE DISPLACED IN THE BALKANS BY A NATO-LED FORCE -- THE ORGANIZATION IS PREPARING TO FOCUS ITS ENERGY MORE ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE. (SIGNED)

NEB/EJ/JM
29-Nov-95 1:09 PM EST (1809 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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[09] E-U / EXPANSION (L ONLY) BY JOHN FRASER (BRUSSELS)

INTRO: E-U LEADERS ARE BEING TOLD THEY MUST MAKE EXTENSIVE AGRICULTURAL REFORMS BEFORE COUNTRIES FROM CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE ARE ASKED TO JOIN THE ORGANIZATION. JOHN FRASER IN BRUSSELS REPORTS THE WARNING COMES IN A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE E-U SUMMIT NEXT MONTH IN MADRID.

TEXT: THE STRATEGY DOCUMENT WAS DRAWN UP BY E-U AGRICULTURE COMMISSIONER FRANZ FISCHLER.

HE SAYS IT WILL BE A MAJOR CHALLENGE FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION TO ABSORB THE 10 CENTRAL AND EASTERN UNION STATES WHICH WISH TO JOIN. BUT, HE ADDS EVEN IF THE UNION WERE NOT PLANNING TO TAKE ON NEW MEMBERS, THERE WOULD STILL NEED TO BE A REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY.

AN ANALYSIS OF WORLD MARKETS FOR FARM PRODUCTS SUGGESTS THERE WILL BE A PROBLEM OF SERIOUS OVER-SUPPLY UNLESS THE EUROPEAN UNION TRIMS PRODUCTION. SO E-U OFFICIALS SAY THERE MUST BE FURTHER REFORMS, IF THE MOUNTAINS OF SURPLUS FOOD -- WHICH WERE COMMONPLACE IN THE 1980'S -- ARE NOT TO RETURN. MEANWHILE, COUNTRIES SEEKING UNION MEMBERSHIP ARE BEING URGED TO EMBARK ON AGRICULTURAL REFORM. THE REPORTS SAYS IF THEY DO NOT BECOME MORE EFFICIENT, AND THE EUROPEAN UNION FAILS TO ADOPT AGRICULTURAL REFORMS, EUROPEAN AGRICULTURAL SPENDING WOULD HAVE TO BE INCREASED UP TO 15-BILLION DOLLARS A YEAR.

ANOTHER REPORT PREPARED FOR E-U LEADERS SAYS ADDITIONAL REFORMS ARE NEEDED IN THE 10 CENTRAL AND EASTERN STATES SEEKING UNION MEMBERSHIP. IT SAYS THE DEMOCRATIC PROCESS HAS TAKEN ROOT IN ALL THESE STATES, BUT ADDS INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL REFORMS NEED TO BE PURSUED VIGOROUSLY. IT SAYS THERE MUST BE RESPECT FOR MINORITIES AND FOR THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE MEDIA.

ON THE ECONOMIC SIDE, THE REPORT SAYS THERE MUST BE MORE PRIVATIZATION AND BUSINESS RESTRUCTURING, AND A MOVE TOWARDS FREE TRADE. NEGOTIATIONS ON ADMITTING NEW MEMBERS TO THE EUROPEAN UNION ARE TO BEGIN AFTER A MEMBER CONFERENCE NEXT YEAR. (SIGNED)

NEB/JF/JWH/RAE
29-Nov-95 10:35 AM EST (1535 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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[10] EUROPE / BOSNIA (L ONLY) BY JULIAN NUNDY (PARIS)

INTRO: THE COMPOSITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING FORCE IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA MEANS THAT FRANCE AND BRITAIN WILL HAVE TO GREATLY INCREASE THE NUMBER OF THEIR TROOPS IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC. JULIAN NUNDY REPORTS FROM PARIS.

TEXT: FRANCE HAS BEEN THE MOST ACTIVE WESTERN NATION IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA SINCE FORMER FRENCH PRESIDENT FRANCOIS MITTERRAND FLEW TO SARAJEVO IN JUNE 1992. HIS GESTURE PROMPTED THE REOPENING OF THE CITY'S AIRPORT FOR HUMANITARIAN FLIGHTS.

FRANCE WAS THEN THE BIGGEST CONTRIBUTOR TO UNITED NATIONS FORCES WITH ABOUT FIVE-THOUSAND SOLDIERS PERMANENTLY IN BOSNIA. BRITAIN WAS IN SECOND PLACE UNTIL THE CREATION OF A RAPID DEPLOYMENT FORCE IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA SIX MONTHS AGO. THE DEPLOYMENT OF ADDITIONAL BRITISH TROOPS MEANT THAT BOTH COUNTRIES HAD ROUGHLY THE SAME NUMBER OF SOLDIERS THERE. NOW, FRANCE IS PREPARING THE THIRD-LARGEST CONTINGENT -- ABOUT TEN-THOUSAND TROOPS -- FOR THE NEW NATO FORCE. BRITAIN, WITH 12-THOUSAND SOLDIERS, WILL BE SECOND BEHIND THE 20-THOUSAND SENT BY THE UNITED STATES.

EVEN GERMANY, WITH A CONSTITUTION THAT LIMITS IT SENDING COMBAT TROOPS OUTSIDE THE NATO AREA, IS PROVIDING FOUR-THOUSAND TROOPS IN A LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT ROLE. THE GERMANS WILL MAINLY BE BASED IN CROATIA. DESPITE THE CONSTITUTIONAL RESTRAINTS, GERMANY'S AIR FORCE HAS CONTRIBUTED TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT TO THE HAZARDOUS U-N AIR BRIDGE TO SARAJEVO OVER THE PAST THREE YEARS.

ALTHOUGH FRANCE RECOGNIZES THAT IT WAS AMERICAN DIPLOMACY THAT FINALLY ACHIEVED A BOSNIAN PEACE ACCORD, FRENCH OFFICIALS SAY IT WAS THE DETERMINATION OF FRENCH PRESIDENT JACQUES CHIRAC SHORTLY AFTER HIS ELECTION LAST MAY THAT CLEARED THE WAY.

MR. CHIRAC IS CREDITED WITH CONVINCING HIS WESTERN ALLIES THAT NATO SHOULD BE TOUGHER ON THE BOSNIAN SERBS. THE RESULT WAS THAT NATO BEGAN CONCENTRATED AIR RAIDS ON BOSNIAN SERB ARTILLERY POSITIONS AT THE END OF AUGUST. IT WAS AFTER THIS THAT THE WARRING SIDES AGREED TO PEACE TALKS. NOW, OFFICIAL SOURCES SAY FRANCE IS PLANNING TO NAME GENERAL JEAN HEINRICH AS ITS SENIOR OFFICER IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. GENERAL HEINRICH WAS UNTIL RECENTLY IN CHARGE OF FRANCE'S MILITARY INTELLIGENCE SERVICE. THIS OFFICER IS PARTICULARLY WELL EQUIPPED TO SERVE IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA -- HE IS THE ONLY FRENCH GENERAL WHO ACTUALLY SPEAKS SERBO-CROATIAN. (SIGNED)

NEB/JN/JWH
29-Nov-95 8:05 AM EST (1305 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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[11] NATO EXPANSION / RUSSIA (L-ONLY) BY MICHELE KELEMEN (WASHINGTON)

INTRO: THE AGREEMENT PAVING THE WAY FOR RUSSIA'S PARTICIPATION IN NATO'S BOSNIAN PEACEKEEPING MISSION IS BEING HAILED AS A TURNING POINT IN RUSSIA'S RELATIONS WITH THE WESTERN ALLIANCE. BUT RUSSIA'S FOREIGN MINISTER SAYS THE NEW DEAL SHOULD NOT BE VIEWED AS A GREEN LIGHT FOR NATO'S EXPANSION PLANS, WHICH MOSCOW STILL OPPOSES. AS V-O-A'S MICHELE KELEMEN REPORTS, SEVERAL U-S AND BRITISH EXPERTS ARE ALSO WARNING THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION AND NATO TO BACK OFF FROM THOSE PLANS.

TEXT: FORMER DIRECTOR OF THE U-S CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY WILLIAM COLBY SAYS RUSSIA'S PARTICIPATION IN NATO'S PEACEKEEPING MISSION IN BOSNIA IS A GOOD STEP IN POST-COLD WAR COOPERATION. BUT HE SAYS MANY DEEPER QUESTIONS REMAIN UNRESOLVED AND HE SAYS HE BELIEVES EXPANDING NATO WOULD ONLY WORSEN MOSCOW'S RELATIONS WITH THE WEST.

WE ARE GOING THROUGH CONTORTIONS TO TRY TO SATISFY THE RUSSIANS THAT THEY NEED NOT BE UNDER NATO IN THE BOSNIA EFFORT. BUT IT'S NOT THE FINE PRINT OF NATO, IT IS THE BASIC COOPERATION [THAT IS IMPORTANT]. SO, WHAT KIND OF POSITIVE PARTNERSHIP CAN WE DEVELOP WITH RUSSIA? IS THERE A SOFTER WAY TO APPROACH THIS THAN JUST MINDLESSLY GO AHEAD AND MECHANICALLY THINKING THE WAY WE HAVE ALWAYS THOUGHT.

MR. COLBY SAYS NATO WILL FACE MORE PROBLEMS IF COMMUNISTS AND NATIONALISTS, AS EXPECTED, DO WELL IN THE DECEMBER 17TH PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN RUSSIA.

HE SPOKE AT A LUNCHEON ON CAPITOL HILL (WEDNESDAY) ORGANIZED BY THE BRITISH AMERICAN SECURITY INFORMATION COUNCIL, A RESEARCH GROUP STAUNCHLY OPPOSED TO NATO'S EXPANSION PLANS.

THE DIRECTOR OF THE GROUP, DANIEL PLESCH, SAYS HE IS CONCERNED THAT THERE HAS NOT BEEN ENOUGH DEBATE ON THE PLANS, WHICH HE SAYS WILL BE TOO COSTLY. HE ADDS HE IS ALSO DEEPLY CONCERNED ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS BEING STATIONED IN FORMER WARSAW PACT COUNTRIES AND HOW THAT WOULD AFFECT RUSSIA.

THE PROSPECT THAT EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WOULD BE IN DISCUSSION ABOUT THE USE OF WESTERN STRATEGIC SYSTEMS WOULD SEEM TO US TO BE YET ANOTHER UN-THOUGHT-OUT PROVOCATIVE ELEMENT. WHEN ALL IS SAID AND DONE, WHETHER OR NOT THIS POLICY IS INTENTIONAL, THE RESULT WILL BE THAT WE WILL END UP BAITING THE BEAR -- A BEAR THAT AT THIS POINT SEEMS TO BE REMARKABLY FRIENDLY AND SOMEWHAT EXHAUSTED. BAITING IT SEEMS TO BE THE LAST THING WE WOULD WANT TO DO.

THE BRITISH AMERICAN SECURITY INFORMATION COUNCIL SAYS RATHER THAN ACCEPTING NEW MEMBERS, NATO SHOULD CONCENTRATE ON STRENGTHENING OTHER SECURITY STRUCTURES, INCLUDING THE ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE. RUSSIA HAS MADE SIMILAR APPEALS, BUT COUNTRIES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE HAVE MADE CLEAR ONLY NATO OFFERS THE KIND OF SECURITY AND PARTNERSHIP THEY WANT NOW. THERE IS NO SIGN NATO WILL BACK AWAY FROM THE PLANS, WHICH NATO AND U-S OFFICIALS SAY ARE IN NO WAY AIMED AT ISOLATING RUSSIA. (SIGNED)

NEB/MK/BG
29-Nov-95 4:30 PM EST (2130 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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[12] PEACE PROSPECTS IN BOSNIA BY ED WARNER ( WASHINGTON)

INTRO: THE UNITED STATES NOW APPEARS COMMITTED TO BRINGING PEACE TO BOSNIA THOUGH THE USE OF AMERICAN TROOPS. WILL THIS SUCCEED? V-O-A'S ED WARNER ASKED TWO LONG-TIME ANALYSTS OF YUGOSLAVIA AND ITS BREAK-UP.

TEXT: YES, THE UNITED STATES CAN BRING PEACE TO THE BALKANS, SAYS STEPHEN BURG. BUT HE SAYS TO THINK IT CAN BE DONE IN 12 MONTHS IS A CLINTON ADMINISTRATION FANTASY:

IF THEY RECOGNIZE THAT WHAT THEY ARE DOING IS PARTITION AND THAT WHAT THEY ARE DOING IS STABILIZING A NEW POLITICAL ORDER, A NEW SET OF BOUNDARIES IN THE BALKANS, THEN THEY HAVE GOT TO BE PREPARED TO BE THERE FOR QUITE A FEW YEARS AND NOT FOR 12 MONTHS. BUT IF THEY THINK THAT WHAT THEY ARE DOING IS CARRYING OUT A MISSION DESIGNED TO KEEP BOSNIA QUIET THROUGH THE 1996 ELECTION AND THEN THEY ARE GOING TO LEAVE, THEN WHAT THEY WILL BE DOING, IN FACT, IS SETTING THE BALKANS UP FOR ANOTHER MORE FEROCIOUS ROUND OF WARFARE.

BUT THE U-S MISSION TO BOSNIA MAY NOT BE AS ARDUOUS AS PEOPLE THINK, SAYS PATRICK GLYNN, FOREIGN POLICY ANALYST AT THE AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE IN WASHINGTON. HE SAYS U-S TROOPS ARE PREPARED FOR A MILITARY CHALLENGE:

IN THE EVENT THAT THAT HAPPENS, THIS FORCE WILL HIT BACK VERY HARD. ROLES AND MISSIONS, SO-CALLED RULES OF ENGAGEMENT ARE MUCH LESS AMBIGUOUS THAN THEY WERE IN SOMALIA. THERE HAS BEEN A BIT OF A LEARNING CURVE. I THINK THEY ARE PREPARED FOR SOME SMALL LEVEL OF HOSTILITY. THEY ARE GOING TO MEET THAT VERY STRONGLY AND USE THAT VERY OCCASION TO ESTABLISH THEIR PRESENCE THERE. SO I DO NOT THINK WE ARE GOING TO GET INTIMIDATED OUT OF THERE VERY EASILY.

MR. GLYNN SAYS CONDITIONS IN THE BALKANS NOW FAVOR AN AMERICAN PRESENCE. NATO BOMBING AND THE CROATIAN MILITARY ADVANCE HAVE CHASTENED SERBIAN LEADER SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC.

IT SEEMS TO ME THAT THE KEY ELEMENT HERE IS A VERY CLEARLY DEMONSTRATED WILLINGNESS ON THE PART OF MILOSEVIC TO ACHIEVE PEACE HERE. I MEAN HE HAS REALLY MADE A CHANGE OF COURSE. I THINK THAT HE SEES THE ECONOMIC FUTURE, THE INTEGRATION OF SERBIA OR YUGOSLVIA INTO THE WORLD ECONOMY, AS HIS TOP PRIORITY. AND SINCE HE WAS THE MAIN FORCE BEHIND THIS CONFLICT, I THINK THAT HE ALSO HAS THE POWER TO REIN IT IN. THAT CREATES THE SITUATION WHERE A STRONG NATO FORCE CAN GO IN AND ACTUALLY, EFFECTIVELY SORT THINGS OUT.

MR. GLYNN SAYS THE BOSNIAN SERBS ARE LIKELY GO ALONG WITH MR. MILOSEVIC SINCE THEY ARE USED TO AUTHORITARIAN RULE. HE WILL NOT CONTROL ALL BOSNIAN SERBS, BUT ENOUGH TO KEEP THE PEACE HE NOW APPEARS TO DESIRE.

PROFESSOR BURG AGREES THE BALKAN PEOPLE ARE READY FOR PEACE:

THE HISTORY OF THE BALKANS, IN FACT, HAS NOT BEEN ONE OF INCESSANT WARFARE. INTENSE WARFARE OF THE KIND WE HAVE SEEN IS A 20TH CENTURY PHENOMENON ENCOURAGED VERY LARGELY BY THE DYNAMIC OF THE BROADER GEOPOLITICS OF THE BALKANS, THE INTEREST OF GREAT POWERS IN SPONSORING THEIR ACTORS IN THE BALKANS. WHEN THE GREAT POWERS OUTSIDE THE BALKANS DECIDE THEY HAVE ENOUGH, THEY CERTAINLY HAVE THE CAPACITY TO IMPOSE PEACE IN THAT REGION, AND WE MAY BE AT THE PLACE NOW.

PROFESSOR BURG SAYS OUTSIDE POWERS CAN USE A VARIETY OF ECONOMIC PRESSURES AND INDUCEMENTS TO INFLUENCE THE LOCAL LEADERSHIP. THE LONGER PEACE LASTS, HE ADDS, THE BETTER THE CHANCE OF REPLACING THIS LEADERSHIP WITH A MORE MODERATE ONE. (SIGNED)

NEB/EW/BG

29-Nov-95 3:50 PM EST (2050 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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[13] PERRY/NATO MINISTERS (S) BY DAVID GOLLUST ( BRUSSELS )

INTRO: NATO DEFENSE MINISTERS HAVE ENDED A TWO-DAY MEETING IN BRUSSELS DURING WHICH THEY PUT FINISHING TOUCHES ON PLANS FOR BOSNIAN PEACEKEEPING. ADVANCE ELEMENTS OF NATO'S 60-THOUSAND- TROOP PEACE IMPLEMENTATION FORCE WILL GO INTO BOSNIA WITHIN A FEW DAYS. V-O-A'S DAVID GOLLUST HAS DETAILS FROM NATO HEADQUARTERS.

TEXT: A FINAL COMMUNIQUE FROM THE DEFENSE MINISTERS HAILED THE BOSNIAN PEACE AGREEMENT AND SAID NATO STANDS READY TO IMPLEMENT MILITARY ASPECTS OF THE DAYTON ACCORD WHEN IT IS FORMALLY SIGNED IN PARIS IN MID-DECEMBER.

SENIOR U-S OFFICIALS SAY NATO'S POLICY-MAKING NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL WILL APPROVE PLANS FOR THE PEACEKEEPING OPERATION FRIDAY. THEY ALSO SAID THE COUNCIL IS EXPECTED ON THURSDAY TO GIVE THE GO-AHEAD FOR THE IMMEDIATE DISPATCH TO BOSNIA OF AN ADVANCE TEAM OF SOME 15-HUNDRED MILITARY LOGISTICS EXPERTS.

THEY SAID THE ENABLING FORCE, INCLUDING AS MANY AS 700 AMERICANS, SHOULD BE MOVING INTO BOSNIA BY THE WEEKEND. THEY WILL SET UP HEADQUARTERS COMMUNICATIONS CENTERS AND OTHER FACILITIES FOR THE MAIN BODY OF NATO TROOPS WHO WILL BEGIN TO DEPLOY IN BOSNIA AFTER THE PARIS SIGNING.

THE COMMUNIQUE WELCOMED TUESDAY'S U-S / RUSSIAN AGREEMENT CLEARING THE WAY FOR RUSSIAN INVOLVEMENT IN THE BOSNIAN PEACE FORCE. BUT IT NOTED WITH CONCERN THE FAILURE BY RUSSIA AND SOME OTHER SIGNATORY COUNTRIES TO MEET THE NOVEMBER 17TH DEADLINE FOR COMPLIANCE WITH TERMS OF THE TREATY ON CONVENTIONAL FORCE REDUCTIONS IN EUROPE. (SIGNED)

NEB/DG/MH/BG
29-Nov-95 11:44 AM EST (1644 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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[14] THE PRESIDENT'S BOSNIA SPEECH BY ANDREW N. GUTHRIE (WASHINGTON)

INTRO: THE NATION IS ENTERING INTO A FULL FLEDGED DEBATE ON THE QUESTION OF SENDING U.S. PEACEKEEPING TROOPS TO BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA AS PART OF A NATO CONTINGENT TO ENFORCE THE PEACE ACCORD REACHED IN DAYTON. MOST PAPERS HAVE NOW HAD TIME TO REFLECT ON PRESIDENT CLINTON'S SPEECH MONDAY EVENING WHEN HE SPELLED OUT HIS REASONS FOR DISPATCHING AMERICAN FORCES TO THE REGION. WE GET A SAMPLING OF REACTION FROM AROUND THE NATION NOW, AS ____________________PRESENTS TODAY'S U-S OPINION ROUNDUP.

TEXT: AMERICA'S PAPERS ARE FILLED WITH COMMENTARY ON THE PRESIDENT'S PROPOSAL AND MOST ARE LEADING EDITORIAL COLUMNS WITH THEIR OBSERVATIONS. WE BEGIN IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, WHERE "THE SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE" GIVES A QUALIFIED ENDORSEMENT.

VOICE: "ON BOTH HUMANITARIAN AND FOREIGN POLICY GROUNDS, PRESIDENT CLINTON PRESENTED A CLEAR AND PERSUASIVE CASE ... FOR DISPATCHING 20-THOUSAND U-S TROOPS TO THE BITTER SNOWS OF BOSNIA. ALTHOUGH THE MILITARY'S MISSION ... CARRIES CONSIDERABLE RISKS, IT WOULD HAVE BEEN FAR MORE RISKY FOR LONG-TERM U-S INTERESTS IF THE PRESIDENT HAD FLINCHED IN THE FACE OF THIS HARD DECISION. [OPT] .... THE REPUBLICANS WILL HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY AND A RESPONSIBILITY TO ASK ALL THE TOUGH QUESTIONS ABOUT BOSNIA .... ON EXIT STRATEGY AND THE WISDOM OF ANNOUNCING IN ADVANCE A DEADLINE FOR U-S WITHDRAWAL .... WITH SUCH QUESTIONS ANSWERED, THE CONGRESS SHOULD UNITE TO SUPPORT U-S TROOPS IN THIS MISSION." [END OPT]

TEXT: IN THE FAR PACIFIC NORTHWEST, "THE OREGONIAN" IN PORTLAND, POINTS OUT:

VOICE: "NOBODY KNOWS WHETHER THE TENUOUS PEACE IN BOSNIA ..... WILL HOLD IF 20-THOUSAND AMERICAN TROOPS ANCHOR A 60-THOUSAND-STRONG NATO PEACEKEEPING FORCE. BUT IT IS CLEAR THAT THERE IS NO PROSPECT FOR PEACE WITHOUT THE COMMITMENT OF AMERICAN TROOPS, AMERICAN CREDIBILITY AND AMERICAN PRESTIGE."

TEXT: IN TEXAS, "THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS" RUNS A LONG EDITORIAL COLUMN DIVIDED INTO BOTH THE PROS AND CONS OF SENDING THE TROOPS, AND THEN GIVES ITS OWN VIEW.

VOICE: "[OPT] PRESIDENT CLINTON GOT AHEAD OF HIMSELF WHEN HE PLEDGED U-S MILITARY SUPPORT FOR A BOSNIA PEACE PLAN WELL BEFORE THE WARRING PARTIES EVER CAME TO THE NEGOTIATING TABLE. BUT [END OPT] NOW THAT THE ADMINISTRATION HAS HELPED BROKER AN AGREEMENT ON OUR SOIL, THE U-S SHOULD HELP IMPLEMENT IT. NOT DOING SO WOULD UNDERMINE U-S LEADERSHIP IN THE FREE WORLD AND WEAKEN NATO. ..... WHILE WE MAY NEVER BE ... COMPLETELY COMFORTABLE WITH SENDING TROOPS TO BOSNIA, WE SHOULD SUPPORT THE PRESIDENT'S DECISION. ... YET IN DOING SO, WE MUST PUT THE PRESIDENT ON NOTICE THAT HE WILL BE HELD ACCOUNTABLE FOR WHAT HE PROMISED, NAMELY THAT U-S FORCES ARE GOING TO BOSNIA TO UPHOLD A PEACE, NOT TO FIGHT A WAR, AND THAT THEIR TIME THERE IS LIMITED."

TEXT: IN THE MIDWEST, "THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE" TALKS ABOUT AMERICA GIVING HER WORD ..... ADDING:

VOICE: "U-S TROOPS ARE NOT GOING TO BOSNIA TO VINDICATE [ITALICS FOR EMPHASIS] AMERICAN DEMOCRATIC VALUES, AS [MR.] CLINTON TRIED TO ARGUE. .... THEY'RE GOING BECAUSE [MR.] CLINTON MADE A PROMISE TO OUR EUROPEAN ALLIES THAT U-S TROOPS WOULD LEAD NATO IN ENFORCING A PEACE TREATY, IF SIGNED. THUS, IT IS A MATTER OF HONORING A COMMITMENT AND AN ISSUE OF LEADERSHIP. .... WE, FRANKLY, HAVE DOUBTS ABOUT THE WISDOM OF THAT COMMITMENT. BUT IT HAS BEEN MADE, AND OTHERS HAVE DEPENDED ON IT. AMERICA CANNOT NOW GO BACK ON ITS WORD OF FORFEIT ITS LEADERSHIP."

TEXT: ACROSS THE CITY, "THE CHICAGO SUN-TIMES" WAS PLEASED WITH THE PRESIDENT'S SPEECH AND THE REPUBLICAN RESPONSE.

VOICE: "AMERICANS WITNESSED A REFRESHING DISPLAY OF LEADERSHIP FROM PRESIDENT CLINTON AND HIS CHIEF REPUBLICAN ADVERSARY ... MONDAY NIGHT. CLINTON WENT ON NATIONAL TELEVISION TO EXPLAIN WHY IT IS NECESSARY TO RISK THE LIVES OF 20-THOUSAND AMERICAN SOLDIERS TO ENFORCE A BOSNIAN PEACE ..... AND HE LOOKED LIKE A LEADER. LIKEWISE, SENATE MAJORITY LEADER BOB DOLE ..... VOWED TO RESIST PARTISAN PRESSURES AS CONGRESS DEBATES WHETHER TO SUPPORT THE PRESIDENT'S PLAN. ..... SENDING AMERICAN SOLDIERS THERE IS NO GUARANTEE PEACE WILL TAKE HOLD, OR THAT THE DECADES OF ETHNIC HOSTILITY BETWEEN SERBS, CROATS AND MUSLIMS WILL END. BUT NOT SENDING THEM WOULD VIRTUALLY GUARANTEE THE KILLING WOULD RESUME."

TEXT: STILL IN THE REGION, "THE ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH" CREDITS THE UNITED STATES WITH SLOWLY TURNING THE AREA FROM WAR TOWARD PEACE AND SAYS WE CANNOT NOW LEAVE THE JOB TO OTHERS.

VOICE: "THROUGHOUT THE BOSNIAN WAR, IT HAS BEEN THE DECISIVE INTERVENTION OF THE UNITED STATES THAT HAS LED THAT COUNTRY AWAY FROM WAR AND TOWARD PEACE. ..... THE UNITED STATES CANNOT NOW ABANDON THE VERY PROCESS THAT IT HAS SO SKILLFULLY NEGOTIATED; AMERICAN TROOPS MUST BE PART OF NATO'S MULTINATIONAL PEACEKEEPING FORCE IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. ..... AS MR. CLINTON PUT IT, THE UNITED STATES 'CAN'T DO EVERYTHING, BUT WE MUST DO WHAT WE CAN.'

TEXT: WHILE IN FLORIDA, "THE MIAMI HERALD" EXCLAIMS:

VOICE: "THE PRESIDENT IS RIGHT ABOUT THE NEED. HE'S RIGHT ABOUT THE BASIC AMERICAN PRINCIPLES AT ISSUE. HE'S RIGHT NOT TO DUCK [AVOID] U-S RESPONSIBILITY AT THIS DEFINING MOMENT IN EUROPE'S POST-COLD WAR HISTORY - - NOT TO SAY IN HIS PRESIDENCY."

TEXT: IN THE NATION'S CAPITAL, "THE WASHINGTON POST" SUGGESTS:

VOICE: ".... THERE ARE MANY GAPS IN BOTH KNOWLEDGE OF HOW THE PLAN WOULD WORK AND DETAILS OF POLICY FOR PROCEEDING THAT NEED TO BE ADDRESSED. MEMBERS OF CONGRESS ARE NOT WRONG TO SAY THEY NEED TO KNOW MORE - - AND SO DOES THE PUBLIC - - THAN WHAT IS YET ON THE RECORD. ..... STILL, [OPT] IT SEEMS TO US THAT IT CAN BE WORKED OUT BY ADMINISTRATION GOOD FAITH AND THAT THE OBSTACLES AND WORRIES DO NOT NECESSARILY AMOUNT TO REASONS TO BACK OFF PEACE ENFORCEMENT. ...... FINALLY IN LONG-SUFFERING BOSNIA, [END OPT] THERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY AT LEAST TO AMELIORATE A HORRIFIC SITUATION; IT SHOULD BE TAKEN."

TEXT: ON LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK'S "NEWSDAY," WHICH WAS DEEPLY SKEPTICAL IN THE PAST ON BOSNIA, NOW SAYS:

VOICE: "NOBODY WHO HAS WATCHED BOSNIA'S HORRORS SHOULD EASILY DISMISS [PRESIDENT] CLINTON'S WORDS. THE PRESIDENT HAS FINALLY BEGUN TO MAKE THE CASE. EVEN THOSE OF US WHO HAVE BEEN SKEPTICAL OF THE WISDOM OF SUCH A MISSION SHOULD GIVE HIM A FULL HEARING."

TEXT: HOWEVER IN NEW HAMPSHIRE, THE SITE OF THE NATION'S FIRST PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY ELECTION IN FEBRUARY, "THE [MANCHESTER] UNION LEADER" IS FLATLY OPPOSED TO SENDING U.S. TROOPS TO BOSNIA AND EXPLAINS WHY IN THIS EDITORIAL.

VOICE: "... THE UNITED STATES HAS NO VITAL NATIONAL INTEREST IN BOSNIA. TRUE, WHAT HAS HAPPENED IN THAT BELEAGUERED COUNTRY - - DUE IN PART TO PREVIOUS EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN BUNGLING - - HAS BEEN TRAGIC. YET THE WORLD ABOUNDS WITH TRAGEDY. SURELY OUR 'VALUES' DO NOT REQUIRE US TO DISPATCH TROOPS WILLY NILLY [AT WILL OR FREELY] AROUND THE GLOBE. BOSNIA IS A EUROPEAN PROBLEM. ..... THE REPUBLICAN REACTION, HOWEVER, IS DISHEARTENING. THE GOP LEADERSHIP ... APPEARS WILLING TO GO ALONG WITH MR. CLINTON'S FOLLY."

TEXT: AND ON THAT NOTE, WE CONCLUDE THIS BRIEF SAMPLING OF EDITORIALS ACROSS THE NATION REGARDING PRESIDENT CLINTON'S PLAN TO SEND U-S PEACEKEEPERS TO BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA.

NEB/ANG/NL
29-Nov-95 12:44 PM EST (1744 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
.

[15] U-S/RUSSIA/BOSNIA BY DAVID GOLLUST (BRUSSELS)

INTRO: THE U-S/RUSSIAN RELATIONSHIP HAS TAKEN A MAJOR TURN WITH THE

AGREEMENT IN BRUSSELS FINALIZING PLANS FOR RUSSIAN PARTICIPATION IN BOSNIAN

PEACEKEEPING. U-S OFFICIALS BELIEVE THE ACCORD HAS SIGNIFICANCE GOING

BEYOND THE IMMEDIATE BOSNIAN SITUATION. V-O-A'S DAVID GOLLUST REPORTS FROM

NATO HEADQUARTERS.

TEXT: THE AGREEMENT CONCLUDED BY DEFENSE SECRETARY WILLIAM PERRY AND

RUSSIAN DEFENSE MINISTER PAVEL GRACHEV CLEARS THE WAY TO AN UNPRECEDENTED

JOINT PEACEKEEPING OPERATION -- AND MARKS AN IMPORTANT STEP IN POST-COLD

WAR COOPERATION BETWEEN MOSCOW AND ITS FORMER NATO ADVERSARIES.

RUSSIA WILL CONTRIBUTE AT LEAST 15-HUNDRED COMBAT TROOPS TO THE 60-THOUSAND

MEMBER FORCE NATO IS ORGANIZING TO IMPLEMENT THE BOSNIA PEACE ACCORD.

TO SECURE RUSSIAN COOPERATION, MR. PERRY AND THE ALLIANCE AGREED TO CREATE

A CONSULTATIVE MECHANISM TO GIVE MOSCOW A VOICE -- BUT NOT VETO POWER -- ON

PEACEKEEPING ISSUES IN NATO'S DECISION MAKING NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL.

THE AGREEMENT CLIMAXED A PAINSTAKING EFFORT BY DEFENSE SECRETARY PERRY TO

BRING MOSCOW INTO THE BOSNIAN OPERATION. AT A NEWS CONFERENCE WITH MR.

GRACHEV IN BRUSSELS, MR. PERRY CALLED THE ACCORD HISTORIC AND SAID ITS

IMPLICATIONS EXTEND FAR BEYOND THE IMMEDIATE ISSUE OF THE BALKANS.

WE HAVE SPENT SO MUCH TIME ON THIS. MINISTER GRACHEV AND I HAVE

HAD FOUR MEETINGS IN THE LAST SIX WEEKS. IT IS IMPORTANT TO GET

THIS RIGHT. BECAUSE THIS WILL AFFECT SECURITY RELATIONS IN EUROPE

-- BETWEEN NATO AND RUSSIA, BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND RUSSIA

-- FOR YEARS TO COME. SO AS IMPORTANT AS IT IS TO GET THIS RIGHT

FOR BOSNIA, IT ALSO CASTS A MUCH LARGER SHADOW THAN THAT.

GENERAL GRACHEV, WHO HAS BECOME A FAMILIAR FIGURE AT NATO HEADQUARTERS IN

RECENT MONTHS, SAID HE HAD NO DOUBT THE PLAN WILL BE ACCEPTED BY THE

RUSSIAN LEADERSHIP. HE STRESSED CONTINUING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RUSSIA AND

THE WESTERN ALLIES ABOUT SUCH ISSUES AS NATO'S EASTWARD EXPANSION AND

MOSCOW'S PUSH FOR REVISIONS IN THE TREATY LIMITING CONVENTIONAL FORCES IN

EUROPE. BUT, THROUGH AN INTERPRETER, HE SAID GIVEN THE POSITIVE TONE OF HIS

MEETINGS WITH MR. PERRY AND THE OTHER NATO MINISTERS, THERE IS NO PROBLEM

THAT CANNOT BE OVERCOME.

I FELT THAT THERE IS A DESIRE ON THE PART OF ALL THE MINISTERS OF

DEFENSE OF THE NATO COUNTRIES TO COOPERATE WITH THE RUSSIAN

FEDERATION AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE WITHIN THE FORMULA, WITHIN THE

FRAMEWORK OF "16 PLUS ONE". I WOULD LIKE TO SAY THAT THERE ARE NO

QUESTIONS WHICH CANNOT BE SOLVED. ANY PROBLEM ANY QUESTION CAN OF

COURSE BE SOLVED IF THERE IS A DESIRE, SUCH A STRONG WILL, AS I

FELT TODAY DURING THE MEETING WITH THE MINISTERS OF DEFENSE OF THE

NATO COUNTRIES.

U-S OFFICIALS SAY THE RUSSIAN PRESENCE IN BOSNIA WILL GIVE THE PEACE

IMPLEMENTATION FORCE NEEDED CREDIBILITY WITH THE SERBS, WHO HAVE HAD

TRADITIONALLY CLOSE TIES WITH RUSSIA. THE RUSSIAN BRIGADE, THOUGH

TECHNICALLY OUTSIDE THE NATO COMMAND STRUCTURE, WILL BE PART OF A

MULTI-NATIONAL UNIT IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA COMPRISED MAINLY OF MEMBERS OF

THE U-S ARMY'S FIRST ARMORED DIVISION.

IN ADDITION TO THE BOSNIAN ACCORD, MR. PERRY AND GENERAL GRACHEV ALSO

SIGNED A WIDE-RANGING MILITARY COOPERATION AGREEMENT INCLUDING MORE THAN 40

JOINT PROJECTS AND EXERCISES IN SUCH AREAS AS THEATER MISSILE DEFENSES AND

SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS. (SIGNED)

NEB/DAG/LTJ/RAE
29-Nov-95 7:43 AM EST (1243 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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[16] U-S / BOSNIA: LEGAL PRECEDENTS BY FRANCIS RONALDS (WASHINGTON)

INTRO: AFTER ADDRESSING THE AMERICAN PEOPLE VIA NATIONWIDE TELEVISION ON HIS PLANS TO COMMIT AMERICAN TROOPS TO A NATO PEACE-KEEPING FORCE IN BOSNIA, PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON HAS SET OFF FOR EUROPE TO CONSULT WITH ALLIES AND VISIT AMERICAN FORCES BASED THERE. TO WHAT EXTENT ARE HIS PROPOSED ACTIONS LEGALLY AND POLITICALLY

TEXT: ALTHOUGH SOME MEMBERS OF THE REPUBLICAN-CONTROLLED CONGRESS HAVE CRITICIZED PRESIDENT CLINTON FOR COMMITTING 20-THOUSAND U-S TROOPS TO IMPLEMENT A NATO PEACE PLAN WORKED OUT IN DAYTON, OHIO, MOST SCHOLARS BELIEVE THAT HE ACTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH HIS CONSTITUTIONAL PREROGATIVES. MARK ROZELL, A PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND CONSTITUTIONAL SCHOLAR AT MARY WASHINGTON COLLEGE IN VIRGINIA, IS THE AUTHOR OF "PRESIDENTIAL PRIVILEGE," A BOOK PUBLISHED LAST YEAR BY THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS. HE POINTS TO ACTIONS TAKEN BY PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN IN GRENADA, PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH IN PANAMA, THE PERSIAN GULF AND SOMALIA, AND PRESIDENT CLINTON HIMSELF IN HAITI:

TAPE: CUT ONE -- ROZELL "WITHOUT A DOUBT, THERE NOTHING UNUSUAL ABOUT PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON'S STATEMENT THAT HE HAS THE CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY TO TAKE THIS KIND OF MILITARY ACTION WITHOUT AN EXPLICIT CONGRESSIONAL AUTHOR- IZATION. THIS IS NOT ENTIRELY DIFFERENT, FOR EXAMPLE, FROM WHAT PRESIDENT BUSH SUGGESTED IN THE EARLIER STAGES OF THE CONFLICT WITH IRAQ, WHEN CONGRESS DELIBERATED ON THE ISSUE BUT THE PRESIDENT THEN SAID HE HAD THE SOLE AUTHORITY TO MAKE THIS DECISION AND COMMIT AMERICAN TROOPS ABROAD. SO THERE IS AMPLE HISTORICAL PRECEDENT FOR THE PRESIDENT TO SUGGEST THAT HE HAS THE CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY TO GO FORWARD IN THIS MATTER WITHOUT AN EXPLICIT CONGRESSIONAL AUTHORIZATION. IT'S BEEN DONE MANY TIMES BEFORE AND IT HAS NOT BEEN EFFECTIVELY CHALLENGED AT A JUDICIAL LEVEL EITHER."

TEXT: IN NOVEMBER, 1973, CONGRESS PASSED THE WAR POWERS ACT OVER A VETO BY PRESIDENT RICHARD NIXON. THE ACT WOULD HAVE SHARPLY RESTRICTED THE PRESIDENT'S AUTHORITY TO SEND AMERICAN TROOPS ABROAD. HOWEVER, PROFESSOR ROZELL SAYS, IT IS GENERALLY AGREED THAT THE LEGISLATION WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN PASSED IF THE PRESIDENCY HAD NOT BEEN WEAKENED BY THE WATERGATE SCANDAL, WHICH SUBSEQUENTLY LED PRESIDENT NIXON TO RESIGN:

TAPE: CUT TWO -- ROZELL "THERE IS A MAJOR CONSTITUTIONAL CONTROVERSY REGARDING THE WAR POWERS ACT. PRESIDENT NIXON VETOED THE LEGISLATION, BELIEVING THAT IT WAS UNCONSTITUTIONAL. CONGRESS OVERRODE THAT VETO AND THE WAR POWERS ACT BECAME LAW. BUT WHAT'S VERY INTERESTING IS THAT SUBSEQUENT CONGRESSES HAVE BEEN VERY RELUCTANT TO FULLY USE THE WAR POWERS ACT AGAINST PRESIDENTS WHO HAVE PUT AMERICAN TROOPS ABROAD. NOW THAT MAY LEAD ONE TO CONCLUDE, REASONABLY, THAT CONGRESS UNDERSTANDS THAT IT'S IMPORTANT TO HAVE THIS LAW ON THE BOOKS, IN EFFECT, TO POSSIBLY CONSTRAIN PRESIDENTIAL OVERREACHING IN MILITARY AFFAIRS. BUT ON THE OTHER HAND, CONGRESS RECOGNIZES THAT PERHAPS THE WAR POWERS ACT WOULD NOT STAND UP TO A CONSTITUTIONAL TEST. I HAPPEN TO BELIEVE THAT THE WAR POWERS ACT MAY INDEED BE UNCONSTITUTIONAL BECAUSE IT DOES RESTRICT THE PRESIDENT'S ROLE AS COMMANDER IN CHIEF, WHICH IS CLEARLY STATED IN ARTICLE TWO OF THE CONSTITUTION. IT LIMITS THE PRESIDENT'S ABILITY TO USE HIS DISCRETION TO PROTECT AMERICAN INTERESTS ABROAD, AND FEW CONSTITUTIONAL SCHOLARS BELIEVE THAT THAT WOULD EVER HAVE BEEN INTENDED BY THE CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMERS."

TEXT: PROFESSOR ROZELL DOES NOT AGREE WITH THOSE POLITICAL FIGURES WHO INSIST THAT PRESIDENT CLINTON SHOULD HAVE CONSULTED WITH THEM BEFORE BRINGING THE ADVERSARIES IN THE BOSNIAN CONFLICT TO DAYTON, OHIO, TO HAMMER OUT A PEACE AGREEMENT. BUT HE DOES THINK THAT THE SUPPORT OF CONGRESS AND THE AMERICAN PEOPLE WILL BE ESSENTIAL TO THE PEACE PLAN'S SUCCESS:

TAPE: CUT THREE -- ROZELL "EVEN THOUGH THE PRESIDENT HAS THE AUTHORITY TO ACT UNILATERALLY TO PUT AMERICAN TROOPS IN DANGER ABROAD IN ORDER TO PROTECT WHAT HE PERCEIVES TO BE THE AMERICAN NATIONAL INTEREST, IT IS VERY PRUDENT FOR A PRESIDENT TO GO TO CONGRESS AND TO INCLUDE MEMBERS OF CONGRESS IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS. A PRESIDENT WHO FAILS TO GO TO CONGRESS AND TO INCLUDE CONGRESS MEMBERS IN THE PROCESS, AND FAILS TO GO BEFORE THE AMERICAN PEOPLE AND BE CANDID WITH THEM ABOUT THE RISKS INVOLVED, RISKS HIMSELF LOSING POPULAR SUPPORT AND ULTIMATELY ENDANGERS THE MILITARY VENTURE ABROAD. SO I BELIEVE THAT WHAT PRESIDENT CLINTON IS DOING IS ABSOLUTELY CORRECT: HE'S TAKEN HIS CASE TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, HE HAS GONE TO MEMBERS OF CONGRESS AND CONSULTED WITH THEM AND PROMISED TO CONTINUE TO DO SO. AND THAT IS ABSOLUTELY, POLITICALLY, THE BEST COURSE OF ACTION."

TEXT: CONSTITUTIONAL SCHOLAR MARK ROZELL, ON SOME OF THE LEGAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS OF PRESIDENT CLINTON'S BOSNIA POLICY. (SIGNED)

NEB/FSR/PCH
29-Nov-95 1:54 PM EST (1854 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
.

[17] U-S / EUROPEAN RELATIONS BY KYLE KING (BONN)

INTRO: THE U-S LED EFFORT TO FORGE A DIPLOMATIC SOLUTION TO THE CONFLICT IN BOSNIA, AND PRESIDENT CLINTON'S PLEDGE TO CONTRIBUTE 20-THOUSAND U-S TROOPS TO THE NATO PEACEKEEPING MISSION, HAS ONCE AGAIN THRUST THE UNITED STATES INTO A LEADERSHIP ROLE IN EUROPEAN AFFAIRS. THE U-S ROLE HAS BEEN WELCOMED BY MANY OBSERVERS. BUT, AS V-O-A'S KYLE KING REPORTS, SOME EXPERTS SAY THE DOMINANT POSITION OF THE UNITED STATES IS PUTTING STRAINS ON TRANS-ATLANTIC RELATIONS.

TEXT: DESPITE THE SUCCESSFUL PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND ITS EUROPEAN ALLIES IN SECURITY AND ECONOMIC MATTERS, EXPERTS SAY TRANS-ATLANTIC RELATIONS MAY BE FACING SOME TOUGH CHALLENGES.

REINHARDT RUMMEL, THE CO-AUTHOR OF A NEW STUDY ON U-S - EUROPEAN RELATIONS, SAYS THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND EMERGENCE OF THE UNITED STATES AS A DOMINANT PLAYER IN PLACES LIKE BOSNIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST HAS HAD THE EFFECT OF DRIVING A WEDGE BETWEEN THE TWO PARTNERS.

BOTH SOCIETIES HAVE DIFFERENT VIEWS ON HOW TO SOLVE ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OR HOW TO SOLVE CONFLICT OF AN ETHNIC OR RELIGIOUS KIND. IT IS NOT SO MUCH THAT THEY DIFFER IN THE END RESULT, IN THE VALUE SYSTEM TO BE CREATED OR KEPT UP. IT'S MUCH MORE THE QUESTION OF HOW YOU GET THERE, AND WHAT DO YOU LOSE OR WIN ON THE WAY TO SOLUTIONS. /// OPT /// ARE YOU WINNING BY DEVELOPING A PEACE SOLUTION FOR BOSNIA? ARE YOU WINNING ON THE ECONOMIC SIDE, ARE YOU WINNING DIPLOMATICALLY, ARE YOU WINNING IN STATUS? THIS IS THE BASIC QUESTION THAT PROBABLY DRIVES THE TWO SIDES APART. /// END OPT

FOR MR. RUMMEL, EUROPEANS ARE FORTUNATE TO RAVE A PARTNER LIKE THE UNITED STATES, THAT SHARES THE SAME VALUES AND ULTIMATELY SEEKS THE SAME END RESULTS IN PLACES LIKE BOSNIA.

BUT AT THE SAME TIME, HE SAYS THERE IS A TREND TOWARD THE CONTINUED PRIMACY OF AMERICAN LEADERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, SOMETHING THAT FRUSTRATES EUROPEANS, WHO BELIEVE THEY ARE NOT GETTING ENOUGH CREDIT FOR THE CONTRIBUTIONS THEY HAVE MADE.

AMERICANS HAVE A DIFFICULTY IN ACCEPTING THAT WHILE THE EUROPEANS HAVE A WIDER SHARE (RESPONSIBILITY) IN TERMS OF SUPPORT OF STABILIZATION IN EUROPEAN AND OTHER REGIONS OF THE WORLD, THEY ALSO WANT TO SHARE THE FAIR SIDES (REWARDS) OF IT. AND SO FAR IT HAS HARDLY BEEN THE CASE, AND THIS I THINK ADDS TO THE FRUSTRATION. /// OPT /// AND IN THE LONG RUN, I WOULD REGARD IT TO BE IMPORTANT THAT THERE IS A MORE ENLIGHTENED INTEREST ON THE AMERICAN SIDE TO SHARE, BOTH THE RESPONSIBILITY IN TRANSATLANTIC AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AS WELL AS THE GAINS IN PUBLIC AND DIPLOMATIC TERMS. /// OPT ///

CHRISTOPH BAIL, ANOTHER CO-AUTHOR OF THE NEW EUROPEAN COMMISSION STUDY ON TRANSATLANTIC RELATIONS, SAYS THE FUTURE DIRECTION OF THE U-S EUROPEAN RELATIONSHIP HAS ALSO BEEN CLOUDED BY DOMESTIC POLITICAL EVENTS IN THE UNITED STATES.

TO SOME EXTENT THERE ARE ALSO SOME PROCESSES GOING ON IN THE UNITED STATES, CERTAIN REORIENTATION, A NEW MOOD COMING OUT OF CIVIL SOCIETY, WHICH WAS REFLECTED TO A LARGE EXTENT IN THE MIDTERM ELECTIONS, THE RESULTS OF THAT, AND WE HAVE AN UPCOMING PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, AND IT SEEMS TO ME THAT ONLY WHEN IT HAS BECOME MORE CLEAR, WHO THE PRESIDENT'S GOING TO BE, WHAT KIND OF ATTITUDE HE IS GOING TO BE ABLE TO TAKE, WHAT IS HIS RELATION GOING TO BE WITH THE FUTURE CONGRESS, ONLY THEN, WILL WE BE ABLE TO SEE EXACTLY IN WHICH DIRECTION ITS (RELATIONS WITH EUROPE) GOING.

IN THE NEAR TERM, THE AUTHORS OF THE STUDY CALL FOR A SERIES OF STEPS AIMED AT BUILDING COOPERATION ON ISSUES THAT TRANSCEND NATIONAL BORDERS -- THINGS SUCH AS FIGHTING INTERNATIONAL CRIME AND DRUG SMUGGLING AS WELL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION.

AS THE TRANS-ATLANTIC RELATIONSHIP EVOLVES IN THE POST COLD WAR PERIOD, THE AUTHORS SAY ONE OF THE MOST LIKELY STRATEGIES WILL BE THE CONTINUED FINE TUNING OF THE RELATIONSHIP THEY ALREADY HAVE. AND IN THE WORDS OF ONE EXPERT (USING A POPULAR AMERICAN EXPRESSION), "IF IT AIN'T BROKE, DON'T FIX IT." (SIGNED)

NEB/KBK/JWH/MMK
29-Nov-95 12:21 PM EST (1721 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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[18] U-S TROOPS IN BOSNIA BY ED WARNER ( WASHINGTON)

INTRODUCTION: PRESIDENT CLINTON'S SPEECH ON BOSNIA HAS HAD A MIXED RECEPTION. AMERICAN OPINION APPEARS TO BE SHARPLY DIVIDED ON THE WISDOM OF SENDING U-S TROOPS TO HELP RESTORE PEACE TO THE WAR-TORN BALKANS. VOA'S ED WARNER REPORTS OPPOSITE REACTIONS FROM TWO ANALYSTS WITH LONG EXPERIENCE IN POLITICAL-MILITARY AFFAIRS.

TEXT: PRESIDENT CLINTON WAS RIGHT TO EMPHASIZE THE NEED FOR AMERICAN LEADERSHIP IN BOSNIA, SAYS JOSEPH MONTVILLE, DIRECTOR OF THE PROGRAM ON PREVENTIVE DIPLOMACY AT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN WASHINGTON.

THE UNITED STATES DOES NOT HAVE THE CHOICE NOT TO LEAD. WE ARE THE ONLY ONES THAT CAN DO THE JOB. IF THERE IS TO BE ANY SENSE OF COMMUNITY, OF LAW, ORDER, VALUES, GLOBALLY, WE HAVE TO BE INVOLVED. AND WHEN IT COMES TO FORMER YUGOSLAVIA, WHERE THE REAL THREAT OF THE SPREAD OF REGIONAL CONFLICT IS SO SERIOUS, IT IS HARD TO UNDERSTAND WHY THERE IS SO MUCH TREPIDATION AND SHAKING IN SOME CIRCLES IN WASHINGTON.

PHILIP MERRILL, A FORMER ASSISTANT SECRETARY GENERAL OF NATO AND NOW PUBLISHER OF "WASHINGTONIAN MAGAZINE," IS AMONG WORRIED WASHINGTONIANS. THE PRESIDENT, HE SAYS, IS COMMITTED TO A MISSION THAT IS TOO OBSCURE, IF NOT IMPOSSIBLE.

I THOUGHT HE WAS HIS USUAL ARTICULATE SELF. BUT HE SAID THIS WOULD BE LIMITED AND ACHIEVABLE, AND I DON'T SEE HOW IT IS GOING TO BE LIMITED. NOBODY BELIEVES THAT. AND ACHIEVABLE HAS NO MEANING. WHAT IS THE DEFINED MILITARY MISSION? HE DID NOT SAY WHAT IT WAS. HE SAID IT WAS GOING TO BE SUCH. WELL, WE ARE STILL WAITING TO HEAR.

MR. MERRILL SAYS U-S POLICY IS TRYING TO DO TOO MANY CONTRADICTORY THINGS IN BOSNIA: PRESERVING THE PEACE WHILE ARMING BOSNIANS AND PROSECUTING SERBIAN WAR CRIMINALS. HE ESTIMATES THAT ROTATION OF TROOPS IN AND OUT OF BOSNIA WILL REQUIRE 40 PERCENT OF CURRENT U-S ARMY FORCES, WHICH HE FINDS WILDLY DISPROPORTIONATE TO OUR STRATEGIC INTEREST IN THE BALKANS. NATO, HE SAYS, IS BEING ASKED TO RESOLVE FEUDS THAT HAVE BROKEN OUT WITH THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET EMPIRE.

THAT IS NOT A JOB THAT NATO IS CAPABLE OF CARRYING OUT OR THAT THE UNITED STATES IS CAPABLE OF CARRYING OUT. WHAT THE AMERICAN PEOPLE WANT AND OTHER PEOPLES OF THE WORLD WANT IS TO CONTAIN REGIONAL CONFLICTS TO THEIR OWN AREA AND NOT TO EXPAND THEM. THIS ONE HAS BEEN CONTAINED TO THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA. IT MAY NOT BE A HAPPY CONTAINMENT, BUT IT IS BETTER THAN HAVING IT SPREAD.

THE WAR MAY VERY WELL SPREAD, CONTENDS MR. MONTVILLE, IF U-S TROOPS ARE NOT ON HAND. THERE IS A DANGER OF SERBIA FURTHER OPPRESSING THE ALBANIAN MAJORITY IN THE PROVINCE OF KOSOVO, OR OF INTERVENING IN MACEDONIA AND POSSIBLY INVOLVING GREECE AND TURKEY.

MR. MERRILL SAYS AMERICANS DO NOT MAKE GOOD PEACEKEEPERS. LIKE THE MARINES KILLED DURING THE U-S INTERVENTION IN LEBANON IN 1983, THEY ARE HIGH PROFILE TARGETS. IF CASUALTIES MOUNT IN BOSNIA, THE U-S MAY HAVE TO WITHDRAW ONCE AGAIN -- TO THE DETRIMENT OF NATO AND THE U-S IMAGE IN THE WORLD.

MR. MONTVILLE SAYS U-S PRESTIGE IS NOW COMMITTED TO BOSNIA AND U-S CREDIBILITY IS AT STAKE. HE ADDS IT IS NOT JUST A MILITARY OPERATION.

THE FEAR IS BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT THE TROOPS WILL JUST KEEP PEOPLE FROM KILLING EACH OTHER FOR ONE YEAR AND THEN GO, AND THEN THE WAR WILL RESUME. BUT IN FACT, THERE IS A MASSIVE CIVILIAN EFFORT AT REBUILDING COMMUNITY. GOVERNMENT, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ARE GOING TO HAVE JOBS TO DO. I KNOW IN THE WASHINGTON COMMUNITY THEY ARE GEARING UP TO GET TO WORK AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

MR. MONTVILLE SAYS THE INTERNATIONAL EFFORT CAN MAKE BOSNIA MULTI-ETHNIC ONCE AGAIN. MR. MERRILL DOUBTS IT. THEY DO AGREE BOSNIA WILL BE A CRUCIAL TEST OF AMERICAN POLICY TOWARD THE MANY REGIONAL CONFLICTS IN THE WORLD. (SIGNED)

NEB/EW/JM

29-Nov-95 10:25 AM EST (1525 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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[19] YUGO PEACEKEEPING - OVERNITER (S ONLY) BY ELAINE JOHANSON (UNITED NATIONS)