[01] Anakalyfqhke sth Sibhria neo eidos anqrwpoy

Einai malista h prwth fora, poy anakalyptetai neo eidos anqrwpoy oxi apo apoliqwmata, alla apo thn analysh genetikoy ylikoy. Prokeitai gia mia poly shmantikh anakalych, h opoia erxetai na prosteqei sthn prosfath anakalych toy nanoy "xompit" ths Indonhsias kai deixnei oti telika sto, oxi poly makrino, parelqon polla syggenika anqrwpina eidh symbiwnan ston planhth mas.

H "gynaika-X", opws onomasthke to plasma, poy zoyse prin apo 30.000 - 50.000 xronia, eixe ena koino progono me toys anqrwpoys kai toys Neantertal prin apo peripoy ena ekatommyrio xronia, alla diaferei apo ayta ta dyo eidh.

H anakalych, poy paroysiasthke sto periodiko "Nature", symfwna me to BBC kai ta praktoreia Roiter kai Galliko, egine apo ereynhtes toy epifanoys Institoytoy Ejeliktikhs Anqrwpologias Maj Plank ths Leicias sth Germania, ypo ton koryfaio palaiontologo kai genetisth Sbante Paampo, me th synergasia amerikanwn, rwswn kai aystriakwn ereynhtwn.

Gia "thn korfh toy pagoboynoy", ekane logo o palaioanqrwpologos Kris Stringker toy Moyseioy Fysikhs Istorias toy Londinoy, ektimwntas oti polloi perissoteroi anqrwpides (anqrwpoeideis), poy den qa einai oyte anqrwpoi oyte Neantertal, qa anakalyfqoyn ta epomena xronia, idiws sthn kentrikh kai anatolikh Asia.

Mexri prosfata, oi anqrwpologoi pisteyan oti oi Neantertal kai oi anqrwpoi hsan oi mono anqrwpides poy periplanioyntan sthn Eyrwph kai sthn Asia kata thn ysterh Pleistokaino periodo. Omws h anakalych to 2003 sthn Indonhsia toy, hlikias 17.000 etwn, mikroswmoy "xompit" (Homo floresiensis), poy qewreitai neo eidos, hrqe na anatrecei ayth thn antilhch.

To neo plasma poy anakalyfqhke to 2008 sto sphlaio Ntenisoba ths notias Sibhrias (sta orh Altai) apo rwsoys arxaiologoys kai to opoio piqanws zoyse konta me toys anqrwpoys kai toys Neantertal, epibebaiwnei oti epikratoyse mia poly pio polyplokh eikona, pera apo to aploiko dipolo "sofos" anqrwpos (homo sapiens)-Neantertal.

An kai to fylo toy plasmatos den einai gnwsto, onomasthke "gynaika-X", epeidh ta mitoxondria (apo opoy analyqhke to DNA) klhronomoyntai mesw ths mhteras. Symfwna me ton Paampo, ta mitoxondria ths "gynaikas-X" diaferoyn apo ayta toy anqrwpoy kata peripoy 400 "grammata" DNA, enw oi Neantertal exoyn tis mises mono diafores me ton anqrwpo.

Einai, pros to paron, adynato gia toys ereynhtes na exoyn thn paramikrh eikona gia to pws emoiaze h "gynaika-X", aplws kai mono me ena mikro osto akroy, gia to logo ayto o Paampo kai oi synergates toy epifylassontai akoma na thn xarakthrisoyn oristika neo eidos, syggeniko me ton anqrwpo.

Oi ereynhtes hdh epixeiroyn na "diabasoyn" genetikes allhloyxies DNA apo ta 3,1 dis. "grammata" toy gonidiwmatos toy pyrhna toy kyttaroy (kai oxi twn mitoxondriwn poy briskontai ektos pyrhna) ths "gynaikas-X". Ta prwta apotelesmata anamenontai se merikoys mhnes. Oi prwtes analyseis toy mitoxondriakoy DNA deixnoyn oti h "gynaika-X" den eixe epimeijies oyte me homo sapiens, oyte me Neantertal, alla gia mia pio sigoyrh eikona qa prepei oi ereynhtes na perimenoyn tis analyseis toy pyrhnikoy DNA.

Symfwna me tis prwtes genetikes analyseis, h "gynaika-X" eixe enan koino Afrikano progono me ton anqrwpo kai ton Neantertal prin apo 780.000 ews 1,3 ekat. xronia, prin arxisei na metanasteyei pros to Borra kai thn Anatolh. H metanasteysh ayth einai diaforetikh apo ekeinh, poy synebh prin apo peripoy 500.000 xronia apo ton Homo heidelbergensis, ton qewroymeno ws progono twn Neantertal, kai odhghse sthn epikrathsh twn teleytaiwn. H "gynaika-X" ejalloy, epeidh emfanisthke poly argotera, den fainetai na syggeneyei me ton progono toy anqrwpoy, ton "orqio anqrwpo" (homo erectus), poy arxise na egkataleipei thn Afrikh prin apo peripoy 2 ekat. xronia.

Link: Gia thn prwtotyph episthmonikh ergasia (me syndromh) sth dieyqynsh: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08976.html

Keimeno: P.Drakopoylos

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