[01] Diamartyria sto Syntagma gia pyrkagies

Sto metajy, ejhnta pente katoikies sto nomo Attikhs ypesthsan olosxerh katastrofh apo tis pyrkagies, enw alles 143 exoyn ypostei merikh katastrofh kai kriqhkan episkeyasimes.

Opws anakoinwqhke apo to YPEXWDE, olosxerh katastrofh exoyn ypostei 4 dhmosia kthria kaqws kai 32 stabloi, apoqhkes kai kthria loipwn xrhsewn, merikh katastrofh ypesthsan 8 dhmosia kthria, ekklhsies kai epaggelmatikes steges kaqws kai 32 stabloi, apoqhkes kai kthria loipwn xrhsewn.

Sto nomo Eyboias kai eidikotera sthn Karysto exoyn ypostei olosxerh katastrofh dyo katoikies kai alles pente merikh katastrofh.

H katagrafh twn zhmiwn se kthria stoys nomoys Attikhs kai Eyboias oloklhrwqhke, alla stoys dhmoys Stamatas kai Geraka oi mhxanikoi toy YPEXWDE qa epanelqoyn shmera, giati kapoioi idiokthtes apoysiazan.

[02] Se diaboyleysh to Eidiko Xwrotajiko

``Me to sygkekrimeno Eidiko Plaisio, bazoyme epiteloys mia tajh sto ti mporei na kanei o kaqenas kai poy, sta nhsia kai ton paraktio xwro mas. Periorizoyme th domhsh, anadeiknyoyme th fysikh omorfia, sthrizoyme th biwsimh anaptyjh, antimetwpizoyme tis anagkes twn topikwn koinwniwn''.

Symfwna me ton ypoyrgo stoxos toy Eidikoy Xwrotajikoy einai:

Periexomeno toy Eidikoy Plaisioy gia ton Paraktio Xwro kai ta Nhsia

To Eidiko Plaisio gia ton Paraktio Xwro kai ta Nhsia apoteleitai apo 4 kefalaia kai 18 arqra. Ta shmantikotera shmeia toy, metajy allwn, einai ta ejhs:

Orizontai oi Zwnes Diaxeirishs toy Paraktioy Xwroy kai twn Nhsiwn. Problepetai h diaforopoihsh se treis zwnes poy kaqemia toys diaqetei xersaio kai qalassio tmhma kai poy prosdiorizontai katarxhn analoga me thn apostash toys apo thn aktogrammh. Oi zwnes aytes einai oi ejhs:

Krisimh Zwnh: Prokeitai gia to pleon eyaisqhto periballontika kommati toy paraktioy xwroy, to metwpo sto metaixmio metajy jhras kai qalassas, poy parallhla dexetai shmantikes pieseis apo anqrwpines drasthriothtes. To qalassio tmhma ekteinetai apo thn aktogrammh mexri thn isobaqh twn 10 metrwn, opwsdhpote omws me platos megalytero twn 100 metrwn apo thn aktogrammh. To xersaio jekina apo thn aktogrammh kai ekteinetai pros thn jhra se zwnh platoys 100 metrwn apo thn kaqorismenh grammh toy aigialoy (h to xeimerio kyma, opoy ayth den einai kaqorismenh).

Dynamikh Zwnh: To qalassio tmhma jekina apo to orio ths Krisimhs Zwnhs kai ekteinetai mexri thn isobaqh twn 50 metrwn. Se kaqe periptwsh, to akraio pros thn qalassa orio ths den mporei na apexei ligotero twn 200 metrwn apo thn aktogrammh. To xersaio tmhma jekina apo to akraio pros thn jhra orio ths Krisimhs Zwnhs kai ekteinetai kat' elaxiston se zwnh platoys 200 metrwn apo thn kaqorismenh grammh toy aigialoy (h to xeimerio kyma, opoy ayth den einai kaqorismenh).

Ypoloiph Paraktia Zwnh: To qalassio tmhma ths ekteinetai apo to ejwtero pros th qalassa orio ths Dynamikhs Zwnhs mexri to orio twn xwrikwn ydatwn. To xersaio tmhma ths ekteinetai mexri kai ta akraia pros thn endoxwra dioikhtika oria twn antistoixwn paraktiwn OTA h mexri ycometro 600 m. an h en logw isoychs brisketai entos twn dioikhtikwn oriwn twn oikeiwn O.T.A. To eyros ayths ths zwnhs qa prepei na apotelesei antikeimeno prosdiorismoy kata periptwsh, me bash tekmhriwmena episthmonika stoixeia.

Sto sxedio paroysiazontai oi Kateyqynseis Xwrotajikhs Organwshs ana zwnh diaxeirishs, ginetai dhladh analytikh anafora sto poies drasthriothtes epitrepontai se kaqe zwnh kai poies oxi, sta plaisia ths proseggishs ths biwsimhs anaptyjhs kai ths Oloklhrwmenhs Diaxeirishs.

Eidikotera gia thn Krisimh Zwnh, poy apotelei to pio eyaisqhto tmhma toy paraktioy xwroy, problepontai ta ejhs:

Sto qalassio tmhma (KQ) epitrepontai mono sygkekrimenes drasthriothtes, h kolymbhsh, h alieia, h ydatokalliergeia, oi ereynhtikes ergasies k.lp. Epitrepontai epishs sygkekrimena erga, opws limenikes egkatastaseis kai hpia texnika erga prostasias twn aktwn. Apagoreyetai h periorizetai sto elaxisto anagkaio h kinhsh h agkyrobolhsh qalassiwn skafwn se eyaisqhta oikosysthmata.

To xersaio tmhma (KX) diakrinetai sto KX1 (apo thn aktogrammh ews ta 50 metra) kai to KX2 (apo ta 50 ws ta 100 metra). Sto 1o tmhma, den epitrepetai kamia nea kataskeyh (plhn elaxistwn anagkaiwn hpiwn ejairesewn koinwfeloys xarakthra) kai epishs apagoreyetai h periorizetai sto elaxisto anagkaio h kinhsh kai staqmeysh oxhmatwn.

Sto 2o tmhma (KX2) epitrepetai kapoia domhsh, alla monon ypo sygkekrimenoys aysthroys oroys (xrhsewn, apostasewn, artiothtwn, megeqwn), lambanontas - bebaiws - ypoch kai ta problepomena apo ta Eidika Plaisia poy exoyn hdh prohghqei, kai diasfalizontas to dikaiwma prosbashs gia anacyxh twn politwn. Sygkekrimena, gia th domhsh kthriwn poy proorizontai gia xrhsh katoikias h anacyxhs, akoloyqoyntai oi isxyoyses diatajeis. H elaxisth apostash (E) topoqethshs twn ktismatwn apo thn kaqorismenh grammh toy aigialoy (h to xeimerio kyma, opoy ayth den einai kaqorismenh), me thn epifylajh oswn eidikotera problepontai apo to Eidiko Xwrotajiko Plaisio gia ton Toyrismo, orizetai se synarthsh me to ycometro toy ghpedoy (Y) apo th staqmh ths qalassas, ws ejhs:

- Gia Y iso h megalytero twn 10 metrwn, E = 50 metra.

- Gia Y Elaxisto ycometro edafoys sto shmeio topoqethshs twn kthriwn orizontai ta 2 metra.

Se periptwsh krhmnoy, to ktisma kataskeyazetai se apostash toylaxiston 10 metrwn apo to xeilos toy krhmnoy. Elaxisth apostash topoqethshs twn ktismatwn apo tyxon parakeimenes oxqes potamwn h limnwn orizontai ta 50 m. apo thn paroxqia zwnh.

Shmeiwnetai oti, sto tmhma KX2 epitrepetai h kataskeyh diktywn metaforas energeias (opws to Ellhniko Diasyndedemeno Systhma metaforas hlektrikhs energeias, poy problepei thn syndesh toy synoloy twn katoikhmenwn nhsiwn ths xwras me to diktyo metaforas energeias toy hpeirwtikoy tmhmatos ths xwras, dhladh me to diasyndedemeno diktyo ths DEH, ta opoia qa diathroyn se efedreia kai tis aytonomes monades paragwghs energeias toys, diktywn metaforas fysikoy aerioy), ypogeia efoson einai dynaton, basei sxediasmoy, kaqws kai twn apaitoymenwn gia thn orqh leitoyrgia toys egkatastasewn ypo thn proypoqesh ylopoihshs toys me aysthroys oroys gia thn prostasia toy periballontos.

Tyxon palaioteres aysthroteres ryqmiseis ws pros tis xrhseis ghs, toys oroys kai toys periorismoys domhshs, katisxyoyn twn sygkekrimenwn ryqmisewn.

Antistoixes einai oi probleceis kai gia th Dynamikh Zwnh. Sto xersaio tmhma ths:

- Se perioxes epektashs twn egkekrimenwn sxediwn polewn kai oikismwn pro toy 1923 h katw twn 2.000 katoikwn ta kthria twn problepomenwn xrhsewn (oi opoies ofeiloyn na synadoyn me ton xarakthra ths perioxhs) den prepei na yperbainoyn to 60% ths kalychs twn oikopedwn kai toys treis orofoys.

- Se perioxes ektos egkekrimenwn sxediwn polewn kai oriwn oikismwn, mexri thn oloklhrwsh toy sxediasmoy se topiko epipedo (GPS/SXOOAP), apagoreyetai h dhmioyrgia orismenwn xrhsewn (opws newn egkatastasewn biomhxanias / biotexnias). Se o,ti afora sth domhsh kyriwn toyristikwn katalymatwn akoloyqoyntai oi oroi kai periorismoi poy tiqentai apo to Eidiko Plaisio gia ton Toyrismo.

- Gia tis loipes epitrepomenes xrhseis kai mexri thn oloklhrwsh toy sxediasmoy se topiko epipedo (GPS/SXOOAP), o syntelesths domhshs orizetai se 0,5, enw gia toys loipoys oroys kai periorismoys, akoloyqoyntai ana xrhsh oi isxyoyses diatajeis.

Gia to xersaio tmhma ths Ypoloiphs Paraktias Zwnhs den tiqentai epipleon periorismoi se sxesh me ta osa isxyoyn ws shmera. Kata ton sxediasmo toy xwroy qa prepei na ginetai sfairikh ektimhsh kai antimetwpish twn swreytikwn epiptwsewn twn epimeroys tomeakwn politikwn, kaqws kai elegxos twn paragontwn poy ephreazoyn amesa h emmesa to paraktio oikosysthma. Epipleon, enqarrynetai -opoy ayto einai dynaton- h dhmioyrgia perissoterwn eleyqerwn kai prasinwn xwrwn, h xrhsh twn arxwn ths bioklimatikhs arxitektonikhs kaqws kai h xrhsh ananewsimwn ki enallaktikwn phgwn energeias, symfwna kai me tis kateyqynseis toy Eidikoy Plaisioy gia tis Ananewsimes Phges Energeias kai ws symplhrwmatikwn meswn ylopoihshs twn stoxwn toy parontos Plaisioy.

Eidikotera, gia th xwroqethsh aiolikwn monadwn sto nhsiwtiko kai qalassio xwro kaqws kai stis akatoikhtes nhsides isxyoyn osa perilambanontai sta sxetika arqra (8 kai 10) toy Eidikoy Plaisioy gia tis APE.

Parallhla, orizontai oi kanones entajhs twn aiolikwn egkatastasewn sto topio, poy orizontai sto Pararthma IV toy Eidikoy Plaisioy gia tis APE.

Epishs, epishmainetai oti symfwna me to Eidiko Plaisio toy Toyrismoy, stis aneptygmenes kai anaptyssomenes toyristika perioxes toy paraktioy xwroy (symperilambanomenwn kai twn mhtropolitikwn perioxwn) kai sta nhsia, diakrinetai zwnh ychlhs antagwnistikothtas diaforwn oikonomikwn drasthriothtwn, h opoia ekteinetai se apostash 350 m. apo ton aigialo.

Sth zwnh ayth, poy parathreitai ychlos antagwnismos xrhsewn ghs kai drasthriothtwn olwn twn eidwn, me amesh h emmesh epiptwsh ston toyrismo, didontai metajy allwn, kateyqynseis gia ton periorismo ths dhmioyrgias newn egkatastasewn - xrhsewn mh symbatwn me thn toyristikh drasthriothta, idiaitera stis perioxes, poy xarakthrizontai ws aneptygmenes toyristika. Idiws biomhxanikes / biotexnikes egkatastaseis - me ejairesh aytes poy exoyn anagkh qalassioy metwpoy - egkatastaseis xondrikoy emporioy, emporikes ekqeseis, kthria kai ghpeda apoqhkeyshs, grafeia, kthria periqalchs, prathria kaysimwn.

Stis ypoloipes perioxes toyristikoy endiaferontos h xwroqethsh allwn xrhsewn epitrepetai se tmhmata toys, poy den paroysiazoyn toyristiko endiaferon, eite memonwmena, eite se organwmenoys ypodoxeis.

Epishs, dinontai eidikes kateyqynseis gia ta nhsia kai tis parakties oikistikes perioxes. Eidikotera, gia ta nhsia:

- Gia thn arsh ths gewgrafikhs toys apomonwshs, epidiwketai h beltiwsh ths metaforikhs toys syndeshs kai h dieyrynsh ths prosbasimothtas toys. Proteraiothta prepei na doqei sthn epektash kai th beltiwsh ths leitoyrgikothtas twn yfistamenwn ypodomwn, h anaptyjh twn opoiwn prepei na einai analogh me to megeqos kai th feroysa ikanothta toy kaqe nhsioy.

- Gia th diathrhsh kai enisxysh ths paragwgikhs polymorfias kai th sygkrathsh-ayjhsh toy monimoy plhqysmoy toys, poy apotelei basikh proypoqesh gia th biwsimh anaptyjh toys, epidiwketai h diaforopoihsh ths oikonomikhs toys bashs kai twn protypwn anaptyjhs toys. Prepei na prowqhqoyn enallaktikes morfes nhsiwtikhs anaptyjhs, poy qa sthrizontai sthn kainotomia kai sthn poiothta twn parexomenwn yphresiwn, sthn probolh ths nhsiwtikhs paradoshs kai twn topikwn proiontwn, kaqws kai sthn ajiopoihsh twn dynatothtwn, poy prosferoyn oi nees texnologies.

- Gia th diathrhsh kai enisxysh ths elkystikothtas twn nhsiwn kai th beltiwsh toy epipedoy zwhs se ayta, epidiwketai h diafylajh ths gewrgikhs ghs ychlhs paragwgikothtas, h aeiforikh xrhsh twn fysikwn porwn kai idiws twn ydatwn kai h prostasia, diathrhsh kai anadeijh ths nhsiwtikhs fysikhs kai politistikhs/ arxitektonikhs klhronomias toy kaqe nhsioy, apomakrynontas kataskeyes kai erga jena pros th fysiognwmia toys.

Se o,ti afora tis parakties oikistikes perioxes, orizontai ta ejhs:

- Dinontai kateyqynseis gia thn enarmonish twn GPS kai SXOOAP me tis protaseis toy parontos plaisioy, kai eidikotera kata thn fash twn entajewn, epektasewn h anaqewrhsewn.

- Enqarrynetai h xrhsh poleodomikwn kai oikodomikwn protypwn poy qa ejasfalizoyn, metajy allwn, meiwmenh katanalwsh energeias kai neroy, xrhsh filikwn pros to periballon ylikwn kai prostasia twn oikosysthmatwn.

- Epidiwketai, epishs, o peraiterw periorismos ths ektos sxedioy domhshs, o periorismos ths anejelegkths diasporas ergwn kai drasthriothtwn kai o elegxos ths ayqaireths domhshs.

Sto Eidiko Plaisio prosdiorizontai oi Diaxeiristikes Xwrikes Enothtes kai oi Epitropes Diaxeirishs. H ejeidikeysh twn kateyqynsewn gia thn Oloklhrwmenh Diaxeirish Paraktioy Xwroy den mporei para na ginei se epipedo Perifereias ki opoy xreiastei kai topika, ana paraktio oikosysthma, poy qa apotelei diaxeiristikh enothta, peran twn stenwn dioikhtikwn oriwn.

[03] Moyseio Akropolhs: 500.000 episkeptes

Nea stoixeia dinei sth dhmosiothta to ypoyrgeio Politismoy, symfwna me ta opoia, kata to idio xroniko diasthma, exoyn episkefqei thn istoselida toy Moyseioy 409.000 diaforetikoi xrhstes toy diadiktyoy apo 180 xwres.

Sto metajy, opws egine gnwsto, mesa ston Septembrio jekinoyn ekpaideytika programmata gia maqhtes kai ekpaideytikoys, enw stoys maqhtes twn sxoleiwn qa parexetai h dynatothta eidikwn jenaghsewn. Epipleon, sto telos toy fqninopwroy proetoimazetai ekqesh me qema ``Periklhs Janqippoy'' me kentriko ekqema thn kefalh toy Periklh apo to Moyseio ths Pergamoy sto Berolino.

Opws dhlwse o ypoyrgos Politismoy, Antwnhs Samaras, ``me protypo to Moyseio ths Akropolhs ergazomaste entatika, wste na petyxoyme thn ayjhsh ths episkecimothtas se ola ta moyseia kai toys arxaiologikoys xwroys sthn Ellada. Stoxos mas einai h diafylajh kai probolh ths politistikhs mas klhronomias, alla kyriws h diasyndesh ths me thn ekpaideysh kai toys neoys anqrwpoys''.

Shmeiwnetai oti h ekqesh toy Moyseioy employtizetai diarkws me nea proplasmata ths Akropolhs gia th beltiwsh twn yphresiwn pros toys episkeptes.

[04] Togiota: kleinei monada paragwghs sthn Kalifornia

H apofash ths etairias na stamathsei th leitoyrgia toy ergostasioy sto Frimont apo tis 31 Martioy, qetei se kindyno perissoteres apo 4.500 qeseis ergasias kai katadeiknyei parallhla ta problhmata apo thn megalh paragwgh sthn aytokinhtobiomhxania se mia periodo poy oi pwlhseis logw ths oikonomikhs krishs exoyn meiwqei shmantika.

To ergostasio sto Frimont leitoyrgei se synergasia ths iapwnikhs etairias me thn amerikanikh aytokinhtobiomhxania GM, ypo thn epwnymia New United Motor Manufacturing Inc, h NUMMI. H apofash gia diakoph ths paragwghs entassetai sta sxedia ths iapwnikhs etairias gia meiwsh ths paragwghs wste na perioristoyn oi zhmies. H GM eixe apoxwrhsei apo th synergasia sto sygkekrimeno ergostasio apo ton Ioynio, otan anakoinwqhkan ta metra gia thn anadiorganwsh ths etairias meta th xrewkopia.

O Atsoysi Niimi, antiproedros ths Togiota, me eyqynh gia thn agora ths boreias Amerikhs anaferei se anakoinwsh toy oti "den einai pleon biwsimh oikonomika" h synexish ths paragwghs sth sygkekrimenh monada. "Lypoymaste eilikrina poy ypoxrewnomaste na kanoyme ayth thn energeia", anaferei o Niimi sthn anakoinwsh toy.

H paragwgh ths monadas sthn Kalifornia metaferetai sto Tejas, ton Kanada kai thn Iapwnia.

H syndikalistikh organwsh United Auto Workers, poy ekproswpei toys ergazomenoys sth monada, xarakthrise thn apofash katastrofikh kai kathgorhse thn Togiota oti egkataleipei toys ergazomenoys kai thn politeia sthn opoia diathroyse tis egkatastaseis ths.

"Den einai kairos na kleinei mia epityxhmenh paragwgikh monada. H Kalifornia einai mia apo tis pio shmantikes agores gia thn Togiota.", dhlwse o Tzimi Sitls, antiproedros ths United Auto Workers.

Ajiwmatoyxoi ektimoyn oti peripoy 35.000 qeseis ergasias sthn Kalifornia, poy emmesws ejartwntai apo th sygkekrimenh aytokinhtobiomhxania, briskontai se kindyno, thn wra poy -symfwna me ta epishma stoixeia- h anergia sthn Kalifornia anerxetai sto 11,9%.

O kybernhths ths Kalifornia, Arnolnt Sbartzenegker ekane logo gia mia "qliberh mera" kai prosqese oti ginontai prospaqeies gia na metejelixqei h monada kai na dwqei se enallaktikh xrhsh.

H aytokinhtobiomhxania Toyota einai h etairia poy epwfelhqhke perissotero apo opoiadhpote allh apo to ycoys 3 disekatommyriwn dolariwn programma, poy einai gnwsto ws "metrhta gia sakarakes", poy anakoinwse h amerikanikh kybernhsh sto plaisio twn prospaqeiwn gia tonwsh twn pwlhsewn aytokinhtwn.

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