[01] Pagkosmia Hmera Prosfygwn

Sthn ethsia ekqesh ths Ypaths Armosteias toy OHE gia toys Prosfyges (HCR) tonizetai pws oi jerizwmenoi mesa sthn idia toys th xwra efqasan ta 26 ekat., enw oi prosfyges se alles patrides, metajy toys kai osoi exoyn zhthsei politiko asylo anerxontai sta 16 ekat., enas ariqmos mikroteros kata 700.000 analogika me to 2007.

Entoytois, ``oi neoi ypoxrewtikoi ektopismoi toy 2009, poy den perilambanontai sthn ethsia toyth ekqesh, exoyn isoskelisei aythn th meiwsh'', ypogrammizetai sto idio keimeno.

Kyriws ayto ofeiletai stis syrrajeis sth Sri Lanka, sth Somalia kai sto Pakistan, opoy h epixeirhsh kata twn Talimpan sthn eparxia Soyat mono ayth exei prokalesei thn ejodo 1,8 ekat.katoikwn. Opws tonizei o Ypatos Epitropos toy OHE gia toys Prosfyges Antonio Gkoyteres h krish twn prosfygwn sto Pakistan einai ``isws ekeinh me tis megalyteres proklhseis apo thn krish sth Royanta'' to 1994.

H Armosteia apokalyptei epishs pws to 80% twn prosfygwn proerxontai apo tis anaptyssomenes xwres kai o Gkoyteres epekrine tis ploysioteres xwres gia thn plhmmelh yposthrijh toys stis anqrwpistikes prospaqeies, eite sto Pakistan, eite se alles perioxes.

Se aythn thn katastash qa prepei na prosteqei kai epibradynsh toy synolikoy ariqmwn twn epanapatrismwn (peripoy 2 ekat. anqrwpoi), poy antanakla, opws tonizei h Armosteia, thn epideinwsh ths katastashs sthn asfaleia sto Soydan, h to Afganistan. Symfwna me ta stoixeia, oi epanapatrismoi meiwqhkan kata 17% kai h epistrofh twn ektopisqentwn proswpwn kata 34%.

H yphresia toy OHE ektima pws ``toylaxiston 5,7 ekat, prosfyges zoyn sth lhqh'', mh diaqetontas ``kamia amesh lysh en ocei''. Ton megalytero ariqmo ektopisqentwn exei h Kolombia me 3 ekat. anqrwpoys, akoloyqoymenh apo to Irak (2,6 ekat.), to Ntarfoyr (2 ekat.) kai katopin h LD toy Kongko (1,5 ekat.) kai h Somalia (1,3 ekat.).

H Notios Afrikh htan h xwra poy dexqhke tis perissoteres aithseis gia paroxh politikoy asyloy me 839.000 aitoyntes, kai akoloyqoyn oi HPA (49.000 aithseis) kai h Gallia (35.000).

To Pakistan einai h prwth xwra se ypodoxh prosfygwn (1,8 ekat.) kai akoloyqoyn h Syria (1,1 ekat.), to Iran (980.000) kai h Germania (582.000). Sxedon oi misoi apo toys prosfyges ypo thn eyqynh ths Armosteias einai Afganoi kai Irakinoi.

[02] "Sebasmo sthn idiwtikh zwh"

"Einai paranomh h lhch kai h kykloforia fwtografiwn proswpwn apo to eswteriko mias idiwtikhs katoikias, xwris th synainesh toys, kai xrhsimopoiwntas idiaiterws epiqetikes texnikes", opws pelwrioys thlefakoys, ypenqymizei h arxh se anakoinwsh ths.

Prin apo dyo ebdomades o Mperloyskoni eixe zhthsei thn katasxesh ekatontadwn fwtografiwn poy eixan trabhxtei sth Sardhnia, mesa sth bila toy kai se alles perioxes. Orismenes apo aytes, poy dhmosieythkan sthn ispanikh efhmerida El Pais, edeixnan ton Italo prwypoyrgo ston khpo ths bilas toy, peritrigyrismeno apo polles gynaikes, dyo gymnosthqes kopeles poy ekanan hlioqerapeia kai enan gymno andra.

H anejarthth arxh ejetase synolika 43 fwtografies apo tis opoies oi 27 eikonizoyn to eswteriko ths bilas kai exoyn trabhxtei ap' ejw, xwris na to gnwrizoyn ta atoma poy fwtografizontan. H arxh apagoreyse th dhmosieysh allwn fwtografiwn poy exoyn paromoio periexomeno, wstoso den ekrine skopimo na parembei gia tis ypoloipes 16 fwtografies kaqws exoyn trabhxtei se dhmosioys xwroys (ena aerodromio kai ena toyristiko xwrio).

[03] Hrqan ta... seizer

To seizer dhmioyrgei mia isxyrh aktina omoiomorfwn hxhtikwn kymatwn se nanoklimaka. H nea syskeyh mporei na exei shmantikes mellontikes efarmoges stoys ypologistes, tis texnologies apeikonishs, th dhmioyrgia newn antitromokratikwn meqodwn k.a.

H anakalych egine apo ton kaqhghth Antoni Kent ths Sxolhs Fysikhs kai Astronomias toy bretanikoy panepisthmioy toy Notigxam, se synergasia me episthmones toy oykranikoy Institoytoy Fysikhs Hmiagwgwn, kai dhmosieythke sto periodiko fysikhs "Physical Review B", symfwna me thn hlektronikh yphresia Live Science.

Opws dhlwse o ereynhths, "h nea texnologia exei th dynatothta na metamorfwsei thn perioxh ths Akoystikhs, me ton idio tropo poy to leizer metamorfwse thn Optikh sth diarkeia twn 50 etwn meta thn efeyresh toy". O Ainstain eqese tis qewrhtikes baseis gia ta leizer (arktikolejo ths frashs Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation) to 1917, alla h prwth syskeyh leizer kataskeyasthke poly argotera, sth dekaetia toy '60.

To leizer xrhsimopoiei ta "paketa" hlektromagnhtikwn donhsewn, poy apokaloyntai fwtonia kai poy einai oi monades oloy toy fwtos sto hlektromagnhtiko fasma, symperilambanomenoy toy oratoy fwtos, toy yperyqroy kai twn aktinwn X. To seizer (arktikolejo ths frashs Sound Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation), apo thn allh, xrhsimopoiei hxhtika kymata apoteloymena apo hxhtikes donhseis, poy apokaloyntai fwnonia.

Sto leizer h aktina fwtoniwn paragetai apo th diegersh twn hlektroniwn apo mia ejwterikh phgh energeias, etsi wste na apeleyqerwnoyn energeia, otan sygkroyontai me alla fwtonia se mia idiaitera antanaklastikh optikh koilothta. Me ayth th diadikasia paragetai mia elegxomenh aktina fwtos leizer, opoy ola ta fwtonia exoyn thn idia syxnothta kai talantwsh.

To seizer mimeitai ayth thn texnologia, xrhsimopoiwntas ton hxo, gia na paragei mia hxhtikh aktina fwnoniwn poy tajideyei oxi mesw mias optikhs koilothtas, opws sto leizer, alla mesw mias texnhths mikroskopikhs domhs poy apoteleitai apo peripoy 50 tromera lepta fylla dyo enallassomenwn ylikwn hmiagwgwn, toy arsenidioy toy gallioy kai toy arsenidioy toy aloyminioy, to kaqena apo ta opoia exei paxos molis liga atoma.

Otan energopoioyntai apo mia aktina fwtos, ta fwnonia pollaplasiazontai kai sygkroyontai anamesa sta strwmata twn dyo parapanw ylikwn, wspoy telika "drapeteyoyn" me th morfh mias aktinas fwnoniwn poly ychlhs syxnothtas.

To seizer einai h prwth syskeyh poy ekpempei kymata hxoy sthn perioxh syxnothtwn twn terahertz. H aktina twn paragomenwn hxhtikwn kymatwn exei mhkh kymatos ths tajhs twn nanometrwn (disekatommyriostoy toy metroy). Metajy allwn, h aktinobolia se terahertz xrhsimopoieitai stoys skaner asfaleias twn aerodromiwn gia na apokalycei ti brisketai katw apo royxa kai mesa se aposkeyes. Etsi, sto mellon, metajy allwn, ta seizer mporei na xrhsimopoihqoyn sthn iatrikh apeikonish h se hlektronikoys elegxoys asfaleias.

Oi episthmones phran epixorhghsh 636.000 lirwn apo to bretaniko Symboylio Ereynas stis Mhxanologikes kai Fysikes Episthmes, gia na anaptyjoyn thn texnologia toy seizer mesa sta epomena tessera xronia.

Syndesmos gia thn prwtotyph episthmonikh ergasia, sth dieyqynsh: http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=PRBMDO000079000024245313000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=Yes

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