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RFE/RL Newsline, Vol. 4, No. 177, 00-09-13

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Newsline Directory - Previous Article - Next Article

From: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty <http://www.rferl.org>

RFE/RL NEWSLINE

Vol. 4, No. 177, 13 September 2000


CONTENTS

[A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA

  • [01] RUSSIAN MILITARY COMMANDER VISITS ARMENIA, GEORGIA
  • [02] TURKISH BORDER GUARDS ENCROACH ON ARMENIAN TERRITORY
  • [03] CATHOLICOS PLEDGES ARMENIA WILL CONFORM TO COUNCIL OF EUROPE REQUIREMENTS ON RELIGION
  • [04] AZERBAIJAN TO SWITCH TO RUSSIAN NATURAL GAS FOR HEATING PURPOSES
  • [05] GEORGIA DECLARES AIR SPACE CLOSED TO RUSSIAN MILITARY AIRCRAFT
  • [06] GEORGIAN GUERRILLA LEADER ARRESTED
  • [07] GEORGIAN PARLIAMENT SPEAKER CALLS FOR LAW RESTRICTING 'TOTALITARIAN SECTS'
  • [08] ANOTHER ECOLOGICAL CRISIS REPORTED IN KAZAKHSTAN
  • [09] KAZAKHSTAN SIGNALS READINESS TO HELP KYRGYZSTAN FIGHT ISLAMIC MILITANTS
  • [10] INCUMBENT REGISTERED AS CANDIDATE IN KYRGYZ PRESIDENTIAL POLL...
  • [11] ...AS DISQUALIFIED CANDIDATES APPEAL TO CONSTITUTIONAL COURT
  • [12] RENEGADE TAJIK FIELD COMMANDER SURRENDERS
  • [13] UZBEKISTAN, UKRAINE SEEK TO EXPAND ECONOMIC COOPERATION

  • [B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

  • [14] CROATIA MAKES SWEEP OF WAR CRIMES SUSPECTS...
  • [15] ...ISSUES INTERNATIONAL ARREST WARRANTS
  • [16] CROATIA, U.S. FIRM SIGN NEW AGREEMENT
  • [17] U.S., REGIONAL LEADERS ASSESS YUGOSLAV ELECTIONS
  • [18] EU: SERBIA HAS PLACE IN EUROPE IF IT CHANGES LEADERS
  • [19] MILOSEVIC BLASTS OPPONENTS AS 'TRAITORS'
  • [20] SERBIAN OPPOSITION ON THE HUSTINGS...
  • [21] ...AMID MONTENEGRIN WARNINGS
  • [22] SLOVENIAN DIPLOMATIC SUPPORT FOR MONTENEGRO
  • [23] MACEDONIAN LOCAL VOTE INCONCLUSIVE?
  • [24] BOSNIAN SERB GOVERNMENT TO SHUN CONTROLS
  • [25] ROMANIAN WORKERS DEMAND NULLIFICATION OF PRIVATIZATION CONTRACT
  • [26] ROMANIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH OPPOSES LEGALIZING HOMOSEXUALITY
  • [27] TIRASPOL TO ELECT NEW 'PARLIAMENT'

  • [C] END NOTE

  • [28] VIOLENCE MARS MACEDONIAN LOCAL ELECTIONS

  • [A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA

    [01] RUSSIAN MILITARY COMMANDER VISITS ARMENIA, GEORGIA

    Colonel General Gennadii Troshev, who is commander of the North Caucasus Military District, visited Armenia on 11-12 September, Noyan Tapan reported. Troshev inspected the Russian military base in Giumri and Yerevan and met with Defense Minister Serzh Sarkisian and Armenian Chief of General Staff Lieutenant General Mikael Harutiunian to discuss bilateral cooperation, including the joint training program for this year. Troshev flew on 12 September to Tbilisi, where he said on arrival that he intends to discuss the threat posed to Georgia by Chechen militants. He noted that the Russian-Georgian border is currently sealed, preventing those militants from entering Georgia, but he added that they may manage to enter in the future if they are not destroyed by Russian forces, ITAR-TASS reported. Troshev is scheduled to meet in Tbilisi with Georgian Defense Minister Davit Tevzadze. LF

    [02] TURKISH BORDER GUARDS ENCROACH ON ARMENIAN TERRITORY

    Three Turkish border guards illegally entered Armenian territory on 11 September in an apparent attempt to steal cattle belonging to their Russian and Armenian counterparts, AP and Interfax reported the following day. The Turks opened fire on Russian border guards who tried to detain them. However, there were no injuries, and the Turks subsequently retreated. LF

    [03] CATHOLICOS PLEDGES ARMENIA WILL CONFORM TO COUNCIL OF EUROPE REQUIREMENTS ON RELIGION

    Armenian Catholicos Garegin II told journalists in Echmiadzin on 12 September that Armenia will fulfill all requirements on freedom of conscience imposed by the Council of Europe as conditions for Armenia's acceptance into full membership in that organization, Noyan Tapan reported. He noted that under Armenian law, which he admitted is "not perfect but does work," all religious organizations are free to conduct activities in Armenia but the Armenian Apostolic Church enjoys supremacy. LF

    [04] AZERBAIJAN TO SWITCH TO RUSSIAN NATURAL GAS FOR HEATING PURPOSES

    Azerbaijan intends to switch to using natural gas imported from Russia to fuel its power stations, Azerbaijan state oil company president Natik Aliev told ITAR-TASS in Washington on 12 September. Aliev said the switch would enable Azerbaijan to export via the Baku-Novorossiisk pipeline another 2 million metric tons of oil per year. Azerbaijan halted the export of oil in January in order to meet an acute shortage of heating fuel for thermal power stations and did so again in June in order to stockpile heating oil for the coming winter (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 13 January and 28 June 2000). The Russian pipeline operator Transneft responded by demanding $29 million in compensation for Baku's violation of a 1997 commitment to export 5 million tons of crude via the Baku-Novorossiisk pipeline by 2002 (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 3 July 2000). LF

    [05] GEORGIA DECLARES AIR SPACE CLOSED TO RUSSIAN MILITARY AIRCRAFT

    Georgia informed the Russian Air Force on 11 September that owing to the non-payment of a $41,000 debt, Russian military aircraft are barred from entering Georgian airspace from now on, Caucasus Press reported on 12 September. Observers suggest the real reason for the ban may have been retaliation for Russia's recent withdrawal from the Bishkek agreement on visa-free travel between CIS member states. LF

    [06] GEORGIAN GUERRILLA LEADER ARRESTED

    Georgian guerrilla leader Dato Shengelaia, who threatened the management of the Zugdidi central market with reprisals (see "RFE./RL Newsline," 12 September 2000), was arrested late on 12 September and is being held in pre- trial detention, Caucasus Press reported, citing "Rezonansi" of 13 September. Shengelaia's men are suspected of robbing a bank earlier that day. LF

    [07] GEORGIAN PARLIAMENT SPEAKER CALLS FOR LAW RESTRICTING 'TOTALITARIAN SECTS'

    Opening the fall parliamentary session in Tbilisi on 12 September, Zurab Zhvania urged deputies to draft a law that would restrict the activities of what he termed "totalitarian sects," while strengthening the Georgian Orthodox Church, which, he said, "is facing difficult competitive conditions," AP reported. He did not mention any religious group or sect by name. Zhvania suggested that the optimum approach would be to sign "a major agreement between the government and the Georgian Orthodox Church." A draft Concordat has been under discussion for almost one year (see "RFE/RL Caucasus Report," Vol. 3, No. 6, 11 February 2000). LF

    [08] ANOTHER ECOLOGICAL CRISIS REPORTED IN KAZAKHSTAN

    Eight tons of dead fish have been retrieved from a lake near Petropavlovsk, in northern Kazakhstan, Reuters reported on 12 September, citing the government Khabar TV channel. The fish were apparently poisoned by a chemical salt that is used as a component of weed-killer. Earlier this summer, thousands of seals died from apparent poisoning in Kazakhstan's sector of the Caspian Sea. LF

    [09] KAZAKHSTAN SIGNALS READINESS TO HELP KYRGYZSTAN FIGHT ISLAMIC MILITANTS

    Khusain Berkaliev, who is first deputy director of Kazakhstan's border guards, told journalists in Almaty on 12 September that Kazakhstan is ready to send army troops to Kyrgyzstan if requested to join the fight against guerrillas from the banned Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, Russian agencies reported. He said that Kazakhstan has already provided Kyrgyzstan with arms, according to Interfax. LF

    [10] INCUMBENT REGISTERED AS CANDIDATE IN KYRGYZ PRESIDENTIAL POLL...

    Kyrgyzstan's Central Electoral Commission on 12 September registered incumbent President Askar Akaev as a candidate in the 29 October presidential election, RFE/RL's Bishkek bureau reported. Akaev is the third candidate to be formally registered. Five other candidates have submitted documentation and supporting signatures required for formal registration. They are human rights activist Tursunbek Akunov, parliamentary deputy and Social-Democratic Party leader Almaz Atambaev, parliamentary deputy and Erk Party leader Tursunbai Bakir Uulu, Ar-Namys Party leader Feliks Kulov, and former parliamentary speaker Almambet Matubraimov. Three of the seven candidates who failed the mandatory language test--parliamentary deputies Arslan Maliev and Iskhak Masaliev and Ar-Namys party activist Omurbek Subanaliev--are nonetheless still collecting signatures in a bid to register. LF

    [11] ...AS DISQUALIFIED CANDIDATES APPEAL TO CONSTITUTIONAL COURT

    Kyrgyzstan's Constitutional Court began on 12 September to consider appeals by Masaliev and another of the seven presidential hopefuls who failed the language test, RFE/RL's Bishkek bureau reported. Meanwhile some 40 people staged a picket of the Constitutional Court building to protest the mandatory examination. LF

    [12] RENEGADE TAJIK FIELD COMMANDER SURRENDERS

    Tajik government forces on 12 September finally surrounded and captured field commander Mullo Abdullo and 37 of his men in Darband, some 110 kilometers east of Dushanbe, Reuters and ITAR-TASS reported. Abdullo, who had fought as a field commander with the United Tajik Opposition during the civil war, had refused to disarm his men as required under the 1997 peace agreement. Government forces have been closing in on him since early this month (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 4 and 5 September 2000). LF

    [13] UZBEKISTAN, UKRAINE SEEK TO EXPAND ECONOMIC COOPERATION

    Ukrainian Prime Minister Viktor Yushchenko held talks in Tashkent on 11 September with Uzbekistan's President Islam Karimov, Interfax reported. Karimov expressed approval of plans to expand bilateral economic cooperation that were discussed at the fourth session of the Uzbek- Ukrainian cooperation commission on 12 September. Those proposals included closer cooperation within the parameters of the Eurasian transport corridor and increasing deliveries of Uzbek natural gas to Ukraine. Karimov also approved a proposal that the two countries should offset each other's mutual debts. LF

    [B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

    [14] CROATIA MAKES SWEEP OF WAR CRIMES SUSPECTS...

    In an unprecedented sweep in several cities, Croatian police on 12 September arrested "dozens" of people suspected of atrocities during the 1991-1995 conflict in Croatia and the 1992-1995 war in Bosnia, AP reported. Among those arrested were Generals Ivan Andabaka and Ignac Kostroman, who have been linked to atrocities against Muslims in 1993. Also detained were Tihomir Oreskovic and an unspecified number of other suspects in the recent murder of Croatian war crimes witness Milan Levar. Prime Minister Ivica Racan said in Zagreb: "I don't believe any sane person would protest...the arrest of war criminals. Democratic Croatia is determined to show that war criminals can no longer live freely here. The rule of law has been enforced." Some extremist war veterans and supporters of the late President Franjo Tudjman charge that the government's tough line on war criminals is aimed at discrediting persons in positions of responsibility during the first years of independence. PM

    [15] ...ISSUES INTERNATIONAL ARREST WARRANTS

    The Interior Ministry issued international arrest warrants on 12 September for Pasko Ljubicic and Vlado Cosic, who are wanted for atrocities against Muslims in the Bosnian village of Ahmici in 1993. Police recently arrested Ante Sliskovic and Tomo Vlajic in Zadar in conjunction with the same case, Hina reported. Deputy Prime Minister Goran Granic said on 9 September that the government wants the Hague-based war crimes tribunal to take over the case. PM

    [16] CROATIA, U.S. FIRM SIGN NEW AGREEMENT

    Representatives of the Croatian electric company HEP and the U.S. firm Enron signed an agreement in Zagreb on 13 September to replace a previous contract negotiated by the Tudjman government. Critics charged that Tudjman accepted an agreement disadvantageous to Croatia in order to promote political ties to the U.S. The terms of the new contract have not been made public, AP reported. PM

    [17] U.S., REGIONAL LEADERS ASSESS YUGOSLAV ELECTIONS

    Secretary of State Madeleine Albright met on 12 September in New York with leaders from 12 southeast European countries, including Montenegro, to discuss the upcoming Serbian and Yugoslav elections, Reuters reported. They agreed that Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic will try to rig the elections but differed as to whether he will succeed. Speaking on condition of anonymity, a "senior U.S. official who knows the Balkans well" told the news agency that he believes the opposition would defeat Milosevic in a free election. The official added that "there was a sense [at Albright's meeting] that the one thing no one yet knows is whether the people of Yugoslavia will stand up for the results of an election in which they believe they voted against the man" officially declared to be the winner. The private Belgrade weekly "Vreme" of 9 September published the results of polls showing joint opposition candidate Vojislav Kostunica leading Milosevic by a two-to-one margin in both the first and second rounds. PM

    [18] EU: SERBIA HAS PLACE IN EUROPE IF IT CHANGES LEADERS

    French Foreign Minister Hubert Vedrine, speaking on behalf of the EU, told the UN General Assembly in New York on 12 September that "Serbs know that they have their place in the European family," even though "the nature of the present regime does not allow it." He added the "EU is looking forward to the day when the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is in a position to participate fully in the stabilization and association process and recover its rightful place in Europe," Reuters reported. On his recent visit to Belgrade, Greek Foreign Minister George Papandreou stressed that the EU is ready to welcome Serbia back to the European family of nations, but he stopped short of endorsing any specific candidate in the elections (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 8 September 2000). PM

    [19] MILOSEVIC BLASTS OPPONENTS AS 'TRAITORS'

    In his first public appearance during the presidential campaign, Milosevic told supporters at the Iron Gates hydroelectric power complex on 12 September that he believes "our people will best be able to differentiate between our interests and those of others-- between our own heroes and foreign traitors," RFE/RL's South Slavic Service reported. He chided neighboring Romania for being "subservient" to NATO, adding that the only other time in history that Serbia had problems with Romania was when Bucharest "took orders from Stalin," Romanian Radio reported. Meanwhile in Belgrade, the government's Election Commission warned the private media to "stop [conducting] political propaganda" for the opposition. The commission singled out the dailies "Blic," "Danas," and "Glas Javnosti," as well as the weeklies "Vreme" and "NIN," Reuters reported. PM

    [20] SERBIAN OPPOSITION ON THE HUSTINGS...

    Some 15,000 opposition supporters in Nis heard Democratic Party leader Zoran Djindjic on 12 September warn that Milosevic may try to rig the elections by stuffing ballot boxes that are allegedly from Kosova. Djindjic stressed that the opposition will not recognize any votes from Kosova that were cast and counted without opposition monitors present, RFE/RL's South Slavic Service reported. In Pirot, 2,000 people turned out for a rally addressed by Civic Alliance leader Goran Svilanovic. In Becej, Pal Sandor, who is president of the Democratic Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians, called on members of the Hungarian minority to vote for the united opposition's candidates. In Belgrade, Mladjan Dinkic of the G-17 group of economists said that the opposition is planning a currency reform if it wins, "Glas Javnosti" reported. The opposition will introduce either a two-currency system (as in Montenegro) or a "convertible dinar," he added. PM

    [21] ...AMID MONTENEGRIN WARNINGS

    In Zagreb, Montenegrin parliamentary speaker Svetozar Marovic said on 12 September that if Serbs vote for Milosevic, they are in effect voting to end the union of Serbia and Montenegro. President Milo Djukanovic said in Podgorica on 12 September that the upcoming federal elections will, in effect, "decide about Montenegrin independence," RFE/RL's South Slavic Service reported. Djukanovic also said that Montenegro "must have" its own mission to the UN, Montena-fax reported. PM

    [22] SLOVENIAN DIPLOMATIC SUPPORT FOR MONTENEGRO

    Ernest Petric, who is Slovenia's ambassador to the UN, said that Slovenia will support Montenegrin efforts to win its own representation in the world body, RFE/RL's South Slavic Service reported from Podgorica on 12 September. Petric added that Slovenia played a key role in Montenegro's acceptance into the EU's Stability Pact. PM

    [23] MACEDONIAN LOCAL VOTE INCONCLUSIVE?

    Preliminary official results from the 10 September local elections indicate that the governing coalition has captured city halls in 23 municipalities while the opposition has won 18, Macedonian Television reported on 12 September. The overall vote tally is 36.69 percent for the opposition and 36.6 percent for the government. Final results are expected on 17 September and run-offs will take place two weeks later. The ballot was marred by violence, and the OSCE said in a report that the ballot fell short of international standards (see "End Note" below). PM

    [24] BOSNIAN SERB GOVERNMENT TO SHUN CONTROLS

    The Western-backed government of Prime Minister Milorad Dodik will continue to exercise its full powers, despite a recent legislative vote of no- confidence in him and measures taken by the parliament to limit the government's authority (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 8 September 2000). The cabinet said in a statement on 12 September that "it is not limited in any way" and will carry out all powers specified in the constitution, Reuters reported. The international community's High Representative Wolfgang Petritsch called the parliament's decisions "highly irresponsible," "Oslobodjenje" reported. PM

    [25] ROMANIAN WORKERS DEMAND NULLIFICATION OF PRIVATIZATION CONTRACT

    Thousands of workers from the Iasi Tepro pipe company demonstrated on 12 September to demand that the contract under which the factory was sold to the Czech Zelezarny Veseli company be annulled, an RFE/RL correspondent reported. State Property Fund chief Radu Sarbu said an attempt will be made to reach an "amicable agreement" with Zelezarny Veseli to nullify the contract, since the company has failed to meet its obligations to modernize Tepro. The Greater Romania Party, to which murdered Tepro trade union leader Virgil Sahleanu belonged, said the authorities are "assassinating [Sahleanu] a second time" by trying to shift the blame for his murder to a private security company (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 11 September 2000). The opposition Party of Social Democracy in Romania said that "political crime" has become "the last weapon of the Emil Constantinescu regime." MS

    [26] ROMANIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH OPPOSES LEGALIZING HOMOSEXUALITY

    The Synod of the Romanian Orthodox Church on 12 September appealed to the Senate not to approve an amendment to the Penal Code that would decriminalize homosexual relations, the RFE/RL Bucharest bureau reported. Failing that, the Synod said, the president must refrain from promulgating the legislation. An amendment partly decriminalizing same-sex relations was approved by the Chamber of Deputies in June but has still to be debated by the Senate. The Synod said it does not want homosexuals to be sent to prison but "proselytizing must be forbidden." Under existing legislation, homosexual relations are punished by prison sentences of between one and five years. Observers say the upcoming parliamentary elections may influence the Senate vote: parties may prove unwilling to confront the Church, which polls show to be the most popular institution in Romania. MS

    [27] TIRASPOL TO ELECT NEW 'PARLIAMENT'

    The authorities in the separatist Transdniester republic announced on 11 September that elections to the Supreme Soviet will be held on 10 December, BASA-press reported. Under the recently amended constitution, the Supreme Soviet will have 43 (instead of the previous 67) members and will be a unicameral rather than bicameral parliament. MS

    [C] END NOTE

    [28] VIOLENCE MARS MACEDONIAN LOCAL ELECTIONS

    By Jolyon Naegele Macedonia's 10 September municipal elections had little to do with local issues but rather were marked by the opposition's attempt to force the ruling three-party coalition into early general elections.

    Prime Minister Ljubco Georgievski pledged during the campaign that if support for his coalition fell by more than 10 percentage points, he would call early parliamentary elections. But preliminary results suggest a fairly close race except in Skopje, where the opposition trounced the ruling coalition. On 12 September, the Macedonian Central Election Commission announced that after counting votes from 96 out of 123 municipalities, the opposition had won 36.69 percent backing and coalition 36.6 percent. The parties' own exit polls, however, differ widely.

    Final results are not expected until the weekend, and runoffs for mayoralties will take place in two weeks. Town council elections require no run-off as those bodies are elected in accordance with a proportional system based on party lists.

    The OSCE, which deployed 17 election experts and 130 short-term observers to monitor the 10 September balloting, is incensed at what occurred. A preliminary report issued by its election-observer mission charged that the polling fell short of international standards for democratic elections and did not fully meet Macedonia's OSCE commitment to conduct elections free of violence and safeguard the secrecy of the ballot.

    The OSCE report alleges that violent incidents were committed by individuals and supporters of political parties at polling stations in some western municipalities, where the ethnic Albanian minority is concentrated. The organization's observers noted numerous instances where an individual cast ballots for family members as well as other examples of proxy voting. In addition, the OSCE recorded what it terms "a very high number of invalid ballots." It has called on the Macedonian government to investigate "vigorously and immediately" these and other breaches of the criminal code related to election violations.

    The head of the OSCE's Office of Democratic Institutions and Human Rights' Election Observer Mission in Macedonia, U.S. Ambassador Charles Magee, told RFE/RL by telephone on 12 September that he is confident the run-off elections on 24 September will go better than last weekend's ballot. He cited incidents in the municipality of Debar where organized groups invaded individual polling stations, threatened the polling officials with weapons, and then trashed the places and destroyed ballot boxes, forcing the closure of all 24 polling stations in that one municipality. Such incidents, he commented, "go beyond what has happened here before." Nonetheless, he added, he hopes the violence does not threaten the stability of Macedonia or the region at large, where ballot stuffing and violence are part of the political culture.

    Macedonian police say violence was reported at six locations on 12 September, resulting in one death as a result of manslaughter, six injuries, and some 20 detentions. Most of the violence appears to have been between activists of Macedonia's two main ethnic Albanian political parties: the Democratic Party of Albanians, which is part of the ruling coalition, and the opposition Party for Democratic Prosperity. Ethnic Albanians make up about a quarter of Macedonia's population.

    A Skopje-based ethnic Albanian political analyst, Kim Mehmeti, told RFE/RL that in Macedonia, as is the case throughout the Balkans, people view elections as an opportunity to unleash their frustrations, as if they were attending spectator sports. He added that "our politicians perceive democracy as a battleground between two enemies. Most of our democrats perceive democracy as the creation of [Albanian Stalinist dictator] Enver Hoxha, for whom all instruments were acceptable to liquidate his enemies and win."

    Mehmeti also said that while policymakers fight for power, ordinary Macedonian Albanian voters are left with the task of electing community leaders, who, he says, have no real political authority. Nearly 10 years after the collapse of socialist Yugoslavia, most local authority in Macedonia remains with the Interior Ministry, rather than with municipal councils and mayors.

    The opposition, led by the Social Democratic Alliance of Macedonia (SDSM), used "Albanophobia" in a bid to attract votes, according to Mehmeti. He noted that the SDSM warned that a vote for the coalition parties would be a vote for the hard-line deputy chairman and heir apparent of the Democratic Party of Albanians, Menduh Thaqi. Mehmeti said that Thaqi's hard-line reputation irritates many Macedonian voters, who may have been swayed to cast their ballots for the opposition instead.

    Opposition Party for Democratic Prosperity leader Imer Imeri blames the Democratic Party of Albanians (DPA) for the violence. "Weapons were used, funds were misused. They anticipated losing the election, so they resorted to all means in a bid to win," he told RFE/RL.

    But DPA leader Arben Xhaferi, a moderate, points his finger at Democratic Prosperity. In an interview with RFE/RL, he said he regrets the violent incidents: "My party was the last to have to resort to violence because we enjoy widespread support among Albanians." This was borne out by the preliminary election results, with the DPA winning two- and-a-half times the number of votes that Democratic Prosperity obtained.

    It remains for Macedonian police investigators to determine to what extent election-day violence was linked to political parties as opposed to criminal elements who merely took the opportunity to settle accounts.

    The author is an RFE/RL senior corespondent based in Prague.

    13-09-00


    Reprinted with permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
    URL: http://www.rferl.org


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