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RFE/RL Newsline, Vol. 4, No. 37, 00-02-22

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Newsline Directory - Previous Article - Next Article

From: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty <http://www.rferl.org>

RFE/RL NEWSLINE

Vol. 4, No. 37, 22 February 2000


CONTENTS

[A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA

  • [01] ARMENIA APPEARS SET TO HAVE COALITION GOVERNMENT
  • [02] AZERBAIJAN, TURKMENISTAN AT ODDS OVER GAS EXPORT PIPELINE...
  • [03] ...ENABLING RUSSIA TO MUSCLE IN
  • [04] AZERBAIJANI OPPOSITION LEADER APPEALS ON BEHALF OF CHECHENS
  • [05] GEORGIAN OFFICIAL WELCOMES CHECHEN OFFER OF MILITARY HELP IN
  • [06] STALIN'S GRANDSON BARRED FROM GEORGIAN PRESIDENTIAL POLL
  • [07] SIX PARTIES WIN REPRESENTATION IN NEW KYRGYZ PARLIAMENT...
  • [08] ...BUT OVERALL RESULTS UNCLEAR
  • [09] HIGH-LEVEL KIDNAPPING, MORE SHOOTING IN TAJIKISTAN

  • [B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

  • [10] KOSOVSKA MITROVICA REMAINS TENSE
  • [11] ROBERTSON WARNS TROUBLE-MAKERS
  • [12] HOW DID ALBANIANS GET THROUGH?
  • [13] HOLBROOKE, CLARK SLAM BELGRADE ROLE IN KOSOVA UNREST
  • [14] WHAT IS BELGRADE DOING IN KOSOVA?
  • [15] HAGUE COURT TO ADD CHARGES AGAINST MILOSEVIC
  • [16] MONTENEGRO SLAMS BELGRADE'S 'WAR PROPAGANDA'
  • [17] CROATIAN CONSULATE OPENED IN MONTENGRO
  • [18] MESIC NAMES MORE TOP ADVISERS
  • [19] CONTINUITY AFTER ALL IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA?
  • [20] NEW RULE AGAINST CORRUPTION IN BOSNIA
  • [21] ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT ATTEMPTS TO APPEASE STRIKING TEACHERS
  • [22] WILL ROMANIAN DEFENSE MINISTER ALSO RESIGN FROM GOVERNMENT?
  • [23] ROMANIAN 'HOLOCAUST MINIMIZERS' DEALT BLOW
  • [24] BULGARIAN TELEVISION STARTS TURKISH PROGRAM

  • [C] END NOTE

  • [25] WHAT FUTURE FOR THE EAST-WEST CORRIDOR?

  • [A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA

    [01] ARMENIA APPEARS SET TO HAVE COALITION GOVERNMENT

    At a

    meeting in Yerevan on 19 February, Armenian Prime Minister

    Aram Sargsian invited representatives of all eight political

    parties represented in the parliament to propose candidates

    for a coalition government, RFE/RL's Yerevan bureau reported

    on 21 February. Vartan Ayvazian, leader of the Kayunutiun

    (Stability) parliamentary faction, told RFE/RL that the

    parties have accepted the invitation and will nominate their

    ministerial candidates "in the next few days." Sargsian and

    the eight parties also signed a joint statement pledging to

    work together to extricate Armenia from its present economic

    crisis. Noyan Tapan political commentator David Petrosian

    predicted last week that some ministries may be merged. He

    identified as possible victims of the reshuffle Finance

    Minister Armen Darpinian, Health Minister Hayk Nikoghossian,

    Social Security Minister Razmik Martirossian, and Energy

    Minister David Zadoyan. LF

    [02] AZERBAIJAN, TURKMENISTAN AT ODDS OVER GAS EXPORT PIPELINE...

    Speaking to journalists in Tbilisi on 21 February, Georgian

    President Eduard Shevardnadze confirmed that "some problems"

    have arisen between Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan over the use

    of the planned Trans-Caspian export gas pipeline, Russian

    agencies reported. Shevardnadze said the problems derived

    from the discovery last year of huge quantities of gas in the

    Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian. That discovery prompted

    Baku to demand 50 percent of the throughput capacity of the

    pipeline to export its own gas. Turkmen President Saparmurat

    Niyazov on 17 February said the Azerbaijani demand runs

    counter to Turkmenistan's interests and could render the

    entire project economically inexpedient, Interfax reported.

    According to a declaration of intent signed last November in

    Istanbul by Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and Turkey, a

    framework agreement on the Trans-Caspian pipeline was to have

    been concluded in April 2000. LF

    [03] ...ENABLING RUSSIA TO MUSCLE IN

    Also on 17 February, Niyazov

    declared that Turkmenistan is ready to export 100 billion

    cubic meters of gas annually to Russia, according to

    Interfax. Two days later, Niyazov discussed that possibility

    with visiting Gazprom chief Rem Vyakhirev, with whom he

    signed an agreement in December on the resumption of exports

    of Turkmen natural gas via Russia (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 20

    December 1999). Caucasus Press noted that Ashgabat will not

    be forced to renege on its previous agreement to export gas

    to Turkey, as Turkmen gas exported to Russia can be

    transported to Turkey through the Blue Stream pipeline across

    the Black Sea. Construction of that pipeline began earlier

    this month and is expected to be completed next year. LF

    [04] AZERBAIJANI OPPOSITION LEADER APPEALS ON BEHALF OF CHECHENS

    In a 21 February appeal to world leaders, Musavat Party

    chairman Isa Gambar condemned the atrocities, humiliation,

    and "unbelievable brutality" inflicted on the Chechen

    civilian population by the Russian military. Gambar called on

    the international community and international human rights

    organizations to pressure the Russian government to halt the

    "massacres and genocide." LF

    [05] GEORGIAN OFFICIAL WELCOMES CHECHEN OFFER OF MILITARY HELP IN

    ABKHAZIA

    Tamaz Nadareishvili, who is chairman of the Abkhaz

    parliament in exile (composed of the ethnic Georgian deputies

    elected to the Abkhaz parliament in 1991), said on 21

    February that he appreciates an alleged offer by unnamed

    Chechen militants to help Georgian guerrilla formations to

    return Abkhazia's southernmost Gali Raion to Georgian control

    by military means, Caucasus Press reported. But Nadareishvili

    stressed that the operation should be conducted by the

    country's armed forces, rather than by Georgian guerrillas.

    The Chechen offer, reportedly made by Chechen guerrillas

    already in Gali, was reported in "Alia" on 21 February. But

    Chechnya's official representative in Georgia, Khizri

    Aldamov, told Caucasus Press on 22 February that he does not

    know of any such Chechen detachment in Abkhazia. Aldamov said

    new hostilities in Abkhazia would not be "the best solution."

    LF

    [06] STALIN'S GRANDSON BARRED FROM GEORGIAN PRESIDENTIAL POLL

    Yevgenii Djughashvili cannot contend the 9 April Georgian

    presidential elections because he is a citizen of Russia, not

    of Georgia, Reuters reported on 21 February, quoting Georgian

    Central Electoral Commission Deputy Chairman Giorgi

    Zesashvili. LF

    [07] SIX PARTIES WIN REPRESENTATION IN NEW KYRGYZ PARLIAMENT...

    Six of the 11 Kyrgyz political parties and blocs contesting

    the 20 February parliamentary elections surmounted the 5

    percent barrier to win representation in the new legislature,

    RFE/RL's Bishkek bureau reported on 21 February. They were

    the Communist Party (27 percent support), the pro-government

    Union of Democratic Forces (17 percent), the Women's

    Democratic Party (13 percent), the Party of War Veterans (9

    percent), the pro-presidential "My Country" (5.7 percent),

    and the moderate opposition Ata-Meken (5.6 percent). Those

    parties will share the 15 seats (of a total of 60 in the

    lower house of parliament) to be allocated under the

    proportional system. The Agrarian party, the Agrarian-Labor

    Party, Asaba, the Erkin Kyrgyzstan party, and the Manas bloc

    each polled less than 5 percent. LF

    [08] ...BUT OVERALL RESULTS UNCLEAR

    Runoff polls will be held on

    5 or 12 March in most single-mandate constituencies,

    including those contested by Ar-Namys party leader Feliks

    Kulov, El (Bei-Bechara) chairman Daniyar Usenov, and

    Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan Chairman Djypar Djeksheev,

    RFE/RL's Bishkek bureau reported, citing the Central

    Electoral Commission. The very few candidates who won

    outright in the first round of voting include Turdakun

    Usubaliev, who was first secretary of the Kirghiz Communist

    Party Central Committee from 1961-1985, and Asankul Akaev,

    elder brother of Kyrgyzstan's President Askar Akaev. LF

    [09] HIGH-LEVEL KIDNAPPING, MORE SHOOTING IN TAJIKISTAN

    The

    younger sister of Deputy Premier Nigina Sharopova was

    abducted on 21 February outside the Dushanbe hospital where

    she works, ITAR-TASS reported. Later the same day, two

    unidentified groups of armed men exchanged fire in central

    Dushanbe after the vehicles in which they were travelling

    collided near the presidential palace. Two passers-by were

    injured. Meanwhile, Interior Minister Khomidin Sharipov has

    ordered the country's entire police force confined to

    barracks until after the first round of parliamentary

    elections on 27 February. LF


    [B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

    [10] KOSOVSKA MITROVICA REMAINS TENSE

    U.S. peacekeepers took up

    positions on the bridge separating the mainly Serbian north

    and mainly Albanian south of the northern Kosova town on 22

    February. The previous day, KFOR troops from several

    countries used tear gas to turn back up to 10,000 ethnic

    Albanians who tried to force their way across the bridge into

    the north (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 21 February 2000). KFOR's

    General Klaus Reinhardt said: "The key thing really was to

    prevent an escalation in which somebody fired on the other

    one. It would have been a disaster. My soldiers were very

    reasonable. They used just the amount of power needed and did

    not overreact." PM

    [11] ROBERTSON WARNS TROUBLE-MAKERS

    In Brussels, NATO Secretary-

    General Lord Robertson called the clashes between

    peacekeepers and ethnic Albanians an "indefensible disgrace,"

    BBC Television reported on 22 February. He warned that

    "anybody who seeks to be provocative in that part of the

    world, on whatever side of the divide they may be..., [should

    know that] we will not tolerate action being taken." A BBC

    commentator noted, however, that peacekeepers in Mitrovica

    are vastly outnumbered by Albanians and Serbs alike. PM

    [12] HOW DID ALBANIANS GET THROUGH?

    Observers note that a key

    question remains as to how up to 75,000 ethnic Albanians

    arriving on 21 February from Prishtina and other parts of

    Kosova managed to get through or circumvent U.K. KFOR cordons

    erected to keep the protesters out of the center of town. A

    BBC correspondent said that many of the demonstrators came

    from the Drenica region, which is a stronghold of the former

    Kosova Liberation Army (UCK). He suggested that the UCK's

    Thaci hoped to use the demonstration to strengthen his own

    political hand at the expense of the shadow-state's Ibrahim

    Rugova. Several of Thaci's aides were "prominent" in the

    crowd, the reporter added. PM

    [13] HOLBROOKE, CLARK SLAM BELGRADE ROLE IN KOSOVA UNREST

    U.S.

    Ambassador to the UN Richard Holbrooke said in New York on 21

    February that "the situation in Mitrovica is dangerous and

    requires the immediate attention of all the countries

    concerned. I think there is no question who's responsible for

    it. It's Belgrade. The leadership in Belgrade is fomenting

    trouble north of the Mitrovica bridge. There's no question.

    The problem here comes from Belgrade" (see "RFE/RL Newsline,"

    21 February 2000). Speaking with Kosova's Hashim Thaci and

    Macedonia's Arben Xhaferi in Tirana, NATO's Supreme Commander

    in Europe General Wesley Clark took a similar stand: "There

    is an influence by Belgrade in the area," AP reported. PM

    [14] WHAT IS BELGRADE DOING IN KOSOVA?

    An unnamed Yugoslav Army

    officer told Reuters in Belgrade on 21 February that "only

    regular and planned activities [by Serbian forces] are going

    on in the region." He did not elaborate The Yugoslav

    government said in a letter to the UN Security Council that

    U.S. and German KFOR troops had engaged in "unprovoked [and]

    arrogant behavior...against the [local] Serbs," AP reported.

    Unnamed NATO sources in Brussels told Reuters that four

    companies of Serbian paramilitary police recently moved into

    a region of Serbia just east of Kosova where up to 100,000

    ethnic Albanians live (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 21 February

    2000). In Brussels on 21 February, Robertson himself referred

    to "large numbers of additional Yugoslav troops [moving] into

    the area," but he did not elaborate. A BBC correspondent said

    in Mitrovica on 22 February that unnamed Serbs used mobile

    phones to "control" the crowd in mainly Serbian northern

    Mitrovica during the recent unrest. PM

    [15] HAGUE COURT TO ADD CHARGES AGAINST MILOSEVIC

    A spokesman for

    the Hague-based war crimes tribunal said on 21 February that

    the list of charges against Yugoslav President Slobodan

    Milosevic will be expanded, RFE/RL's South Slavic Service

    reported. He did not elaborate. Referring to recent reports

    by an Athens-based radio station that China has offered

    Milosevic asylum, the spokesman stressed that no country can

    legally offer refuge to an indicted war criminal. PM

    [16] MONTENEGRO SLAMS BELGRADE'S 'WAR PROPAGANDA'

    Montenegrin

    Deputy Prime Minister Dragisa Burzan said that the new

    television station set up by Milosevic's backers in northern

    Montenegro is aimed at polarizing society in the runup to

    local elections, "Danas" reported on 22 February (see "RFE/RL

    Newsline," 17 February 2000). Burzan stressed that the

    setting up of the television station is part of a larger

    campaign that Belgrade is staging against Podgorica and in

    which economic measures also play a part. PM

    [17] CROATIAN CONSULATE OPENED IN MONTENGRO

    Former Dubrovnik

    Mayor Petar Poljanic officially opened the Croatian consulate

    in Kotor, Montenegro. The town is near the Croatian frontier

    and is home to most of Montenegro's 15,000-strong Croatian

    minority. Poljanic stressed, however, that he is interested

    in promoting good relations with all the people in

    Montenegro, "Slobodna Dalmacija" reported on 22 February. PM

    [18] MESIC NAMES MORE TOP ADVISERS

    Croatian President Stipe Mesic

    appointed several key aides on 21 February, "Jutarnji list"

    reported (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 21 February 2000). They

    include: military specialist Imre Agotic, chief of the

    president's office Damir Vargek, foreign affairs expert

    Stanko Nick, and economics advisor Stjepan Zdunic. Elsewhere,

    Mesic said that Croatia must reform and become a "safe"

    country in order to attract foreign investment. He stressed

    that the country's geographic location could help enable it

    to become an "economic and financial center in this part of

    Europe." PM

    [19] CONTINUITY AFTER ALL IN REPUBLIKA SRPSKA?

    Prime Minister

    Milorad Dodik told a press conference in Banja Luka on 21

    February that the governing coalition will continue its work,

    despite the announcement by Milosevic's Socialist allies that

    they are leaving the coalition (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 21

    February 2000). He called on Socialist parliamentary speaker

    Petar Djokic to give up that office but added that he will

    not accept the resignations of four Socialist ministers.

    Dodik said that the most important thing for the Republika

    Srpska is to have a functioning government and avoid

    instability, "Vesti" reported. Dodik blamed Milosevic for the

    imbroglio. In Sarajevo, "Oslobodjenje" suggested that some

    Socialist politicians may have decided to remain loyal to the

    governing coalition. PM

    [20] NEW RULE AGAINST CORRUPTION IN BOSNIA

    The OSCE's Provisional

    Election Commission has decided that anyone elected to

    municipal councils in April's elections cannot remain

    director or a member of the governing board of a company in

    which the government owns more than 25 percent of the

    capital. OSCE spokesmen said in Sarajevo on 21 February that

    the ruling is aimed at preventing elected officials from

    misusing their position to protect, discriminate in favor of,

    or extend patronage to companies in which they have a vested

    interest. The OSCE's Robert Barry noted that it is not

    unusual in Bosnia for elected officials to hold top positions

    in several corporations simultaneously. PM

    [21] ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT ATTEMPTS TO APPEASE STRIKING TEACHERS

    The government on 21 February announced it will raise

    teachers' salaries by 60 percent on 1 April and another 40

    percent on 1 September, Romanian radio reported the next day.

    Arrears dating back to 1998 are also to be paid if the

    necessary funds can be found at a cabinet meeting scheduled

    for 24 February. The teachers are also to be paid a 13th

    monthly wage for 1999, as provided for in their collective

    contract. A spokesman for the striking teachers said the

    unions will examine the decision on 22 February. In response

    to a journalist's question as to whether he will withdraw his

    resignation, Education Minister Andrei Marga said he hopes to

    return to the Cluj Babes-Bolyai University, of which he is

    dean. MS

    [22] WILL ROMANIAN DEFENSE MINISTER ALSO RESIGN FROM GOVERNMENT?

    The Democratic Party on 21 February said it expects Defense

    Minister Victor Babiuc to resign from the government

    following his resignation last week from the party. The

    Democrats urged Prime Minister Mugur Isarescu to dismiss him

    if he fails to resign from the cabinet. Citing "political

    sources," Romanian Television on 21 February said Babiuc

    continues to enjoy the trust and support of President Emil

    Constantinescu, who believes the defense minister has the

    necessary experience and international reputation to see

    through the process of reforming the army. Also on 21

    February, the opposition Party of Social Democracy in Romania

    (PDSR) signed an agreement with Fratia, the largest trade

    union confederation, stipulating that union leaders will run

    on PDSR lists in the local and general elections. The PDSR is

    to consult the unions about its program, and the unions will

    support the party's electoral effort. MS

    [23] ROMANIAN 'HOLOCAUST MINIMIZERS' DEALT BLOW

    Professor George

    Voicu on 21 February was elected dean of the Political

    Science Faculty of the Bucharest University. The author of an

    1998 article criticizing "Holocaust minimization" on the part

    of Romanian intellectuals, Voicu was recently attacked in the

    Romanian press after his article was reprinted in the

    prestigious French journal "Les Temps Modernes." MS

    [24] BULGARIAN TELEVISION STARTS TURKISH PROGRAM

    Bulgarian state

    television on 20 February began broadcasting a 20-minute

    weekly program in Turkish, the BBC reported, citing the

    Turkish Anatolia agency. The program, which has Bulgarian

    subtitles, covers news, music, and features and is sponsored

    by the International Center for Cultural Cooperation and

    Minority Problems. The editor in charge of the program told

    Anatolia that for now it can be seen only in the Sofia region

    but that she expects it to draw a great deal of interest. MS


    [C] END NOTE

    [25] WHAT FUTURE FOR THE EAST-WEST CORRIDOR?

    By Fabian Schmidt

    "Koha Jone" reported on 6 February that the Albanian

    government has recently focused most of its efforts on

    building a north-south highway and has virtually stopped

    construction of the important east-west Corridor 8, which is

    to link the Adriatic port of Durres with Skopje and Istanbul

    via Bulgaria.

    The east-west route is of both economic and political

    importance. Development of a modern and reliable east-west

    highway would strengthen links between the countries involved

    and weaken their dependency on other routes. In the case of

    Macedonia, the north-south axis linking it to Serbia and

    Greece would no longer be so important and would give

    Macedonia better access to Italy and Bulgaria, thus reducing

    its dependency on the port of Thessaloniki and the highway

    through Serbia.

    "Koha Jone" stressed that the delay in the construction

    of Corridor 8 comes at a time when the Greek government has

    begun construction of a highway linking the Greek Adriatic

    port of Igoumenitsa with Thessaloniki and subsequently with

    Istanbul. Athens will receive some 450 million euros ($450

    million) from the EU for the project. Interestingly, the

    Greek project is called "Via Egnatia," referring to the

    ancient road that once linked Thessaloniki with Durres and

    ran through an area that is now central Albania; this is the

    very route of Corridor 8.

    Francesco Divela, one of the organizers of the joint

    Tirana-Bari international trade fair, warned that the Greek

    road project will reduce the attractiveness of the Corridor 8

    project by connecting the Adriatic with the largest Balkan

    port, namely Thessaloniki. (One could also add that the Greek

    project will not do much to increase east-west economic

    integration, given that the highway runs across only Greek

    territory and does not link Greece with any neighboring

    former communist countries.)

    "Koha Jone" also quoted Italian Trade Ministry and U.S.

    officials as criticizing Tirana for dragging its heels on the

    construction of Corridor 8. It added that unnamed officials

    at the Albanian Transport Ministry's Department of Road

    Construction indirectly admit that they are not pursuing the

    Corridor 8 project very vigorously. "We do not implement a

    policy of [planning] roads or corridors, but we deal with the

    construction of road segments that we are charged with

    building," they commented.

    But in practice, new contracts have been signed for

    parts of the major new north-south highway that will

    eventually link Montenegro and Greece. Shortly before leaving

    office last November, then Transportation Minister Gaqo

    Apostoli signed three contracts for parts of the highway that

    are worth a combined total of $50 million.

    "Koha Jone" argues that Albania has given priority to

    developing the north-south connection to economically strong

    Greece rather than to much poorer Macedonia. This puts

    Albania in a difficult position vis-a-vis its two EU

    neighbors. Italy is interested in developing markets to the

    east via Corridor 8 and intends to invest in the upgrading of

    the port in Durres. Greece, for its part, is afraid that it

    will lose some of the turnover at the Thessaloniki port

    through the construction of Corridor 8 and is thus promoting

    the construction of the north-south highway. As for Albania,

    Prime Minister Ilir Meta maintains that the government

    considers the two highways of equal importance.

    So far, construction of Corridor 8 has begun only

    between Tirana and Durres--in which stretch Italy has

    invested some $17 million--and between Rrogozhina and

    Elbasan, on which a Turkish company is currently working. For

    the section between Elbasan and Librazhd, Albania has so far

    received only financial pledges from the European Bank for

    Reconstruction and Development. For the stretch between

    Librazhd and Qukes, Albania has signed a $15 million contract

    with the Macedonian company Mavropi, but construction had to

    be interrupted because of archeological discoveries along the

    ancient Via Egnatia.

    The last part of the road--between Qukes and Qafe Thane-

    -will be constructed with support from Kuwait, but the

    Albanian government has not yet set a date for beginning work

    there.

    Currently, there appears to be deadlock over the

    beginning of construction between Durres and Rrogozhina. A

    Greek company won the tender and was supposed to have begun

    work by 19 January 2000. However, the company failed to meet

    that deadline and is accusing the Albanian government of

    causing the delay by failing to nationalize the property on

    which the road will be built. The Agricultural Ministry,

    which is responsible for such action, has done nothing.

    The World Bank, meanwhile, has drawn up a project for

    the reconstruction of existing roads crossing the east, west,

    and north of the country. The bank has granted a loan worth

    $66 million, but the government has so far made use of only

    $7.7 million. The project provides for the construction of 90

    kilometers of road, 60 kilometers of which would form part of

    Corridor 8, while another 30 kilometers would be part of the

    north-south highway, linking Fushe Kruja with Lezha.

    Finally, "Koha Jone" also reported that some of the work

    on the north-south highway has been marred by

    "irregularities" and the use of shoddy construction

    materials.

    In short, the day that Albania has a viable road network

    linking north and south, and east and west--with all the

    political and economic advantages that implies--is still a

    long way off.

    22-02-00


    Reprinted with permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
    URL: http://www.rferl.org


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