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RFE/RL Newsline, Vol. 2, No. 46, 98-03-09Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: Newsline Directory - Previous Article - Next ArticleFrom: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty <http://www.rferl.org>RFE/RL NEWSLINEVol. 2, No. 46, 9 March 1998CONTENTS[A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA
[B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE
[C] END NOTE
[A] TRANSCAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA[01] ARMENIAN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES PLEDGE FAIR ELECTIONS...Five of the 12 presidential candidates, including Prime Minister and acting President Robert Kocharyan and National Democratic Union Chairman Vazgen Manukyan, have signed a memorandum pledging to make every effort to ensure that the 16 March poll is free and fair, RFE/RL's Yerevan bureau reported on 7 March. The previous day, Union for Self-Determination Chairman Paruir Hairikyan said that the Armenian authorities' failure to halt illegal attempts by local officials to secure Kocharyan's victory will cast doubt on the fairness of the vote. Also on 6 March, the Central Electoral Commission voted by 13 to seven to register Kocharyan as a candidate. Opposition representatives on the commission argued that Kocharyan, who comes from the unrecognized Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, does not qualify as an Armenian citizen. LF[02] ...WHILE CAMPAIGN TURNS VIOLENTTwo Manukyan aides were attacked and seriously injured while campaigning in Ararat, south of Yerevan, on 8 March. A third Manukyan supporter claimed that the half dozen assailants were associates of Kocharyan, but the premier's spokesmen have denied any knowledge of the incident. The Armenian Prosecutor- General's Office has launched an investigation. LF[03] RUSSIA DENIES TARGETING AZERBAIJANI PRESIDENTThe Russian Embassy in Baku issued a statement on 7 March saying Chechen Vice President Vakha Arsanov's claim that Moscow plans to assassinate Azerbaijani President Heidar Aliev is "irresponsible and unfounded," ITAR- TASS reported. Such allegations are aimed at disrupting "friendly relations" between Russia and Azerbaijan and undermining stability in the Caucasus, the statement said. Also on 7 March, ITAR-TASS quoted the Azerbaijani news agency Azertadj as reporting that a large cache of weapons, including grenade-launchers and machine guns, have been discovered in western Azerbaijan, close to the Georgian frontier. LF[04] UZBEK OPPOSITION LEADER CALLS IT QUITSShukrullo Mirsaidov, a leader of the Democratic Opposition Coordinating Council, told RFE/RL's Tashkent bureau on 6 March that the council has formally ceased to function. Mirsaidov criticized "democratic opposition groups" for being out of touch with the realities in the country. He said since it is impossible to bring together all democratic forces, he had decided to quit politics. Mirsaidov, who in the past has criticized the cabinet, said the government has "laid down the foundations for establishing a democratic and legal state and implementing reform program toward a free market- oriented economy." BP[05] UZBEK OPPOSITION FIGURE ASKED TO LEAVE TURKEYMuhammed Salih, the chairman of Uzbekistan's Erk opposition party, has left Turkey at the request of Turkish authorities, RFE/RL's Uzbek service reported. Salih flew to Romania on 5 March and is now in Bucharest. After running for the Uzbek presidency in 1991 against incumbent President Islam Karimov, Salih went into self-imposed exile. The Turkish move may be connected to the visit of Turkish Prime Minister Mesut Yilmaz to Uzbekistan at the end of this month. BP[06] TURKMEN FARMERS MUST REPAY LOANS BY YEAR'S ENDThe Agriculture and Food Ministry has announced that the target for cotton production this year is to more than double the 1997 level. Interfax reported on 7 March. Last year, cotton growers produced only 620,000 tons, less than half of the targeted amount. The target for this year is 1.5 million tons. The Central Bank has granted interest-free loans to farmers totaling 304 billion manat ($73 million). But according to Interfax, President Saparmurat Niyazov signed a decree earlier this month stipulating a 2 percent interest rate on those loans and ordering them repaid by year's end. BP[07] NAZARBAYEV SAYS LIVING STANDARDS IMPROVED IN 1997In an address to mark International Women's Day, Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev said industrial production grew by 33 percent last year, the revenues of 200 privatized enterprises increased 10 percent, and real incomes rose 10 percent, ITAR-TASS reported on 6 March. The president also said there are currently 1.36 million automobiles owned by Kazakhstan's 4.5 million families and that 32 percent of rural residents own plots of land. BP[B] SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE[08] MASS PROTEST IN PRISTINASome 40,000 ethnic Albanians staged a brief, peaceful demonstration in Pristina on 9 March against what their spokesmen called "Serbian terror and violence." Other marches took place in various towns across Kosovo. The previous day, thousands of women held a silent protest in Pristina to mark International Women's Day. Some of the women said they were refugees from the besieged Drenica area, from which they had fled. They said the Serbian police shot at women and children attempting to flee after the police fired indiscriminately into Kosovar villages. Some women added that they spent several days in the woods without food or shelter. PM[09] SERBIA CLAIMS "VICTORY" OVER UCKA Serbian police spokesman on 8 March told a group of foreign reporters, diplomats, and Red Cross officials on a closely supervised trip to Prekaz that security forces have destroyed the power base of the clandestine Kosovo Liberation Army (UCK) in an armed assault that began on 5 March (see RFE/RL Newsline," 6 March 1998). "We have struck at their heart and we have dealt terrorists a lethal blow. Some have escaped and we are going after them." Interior Ministry spokesmen said in Belgrade and Pristina on 7-8 March that the action in Prekaz was directed against the Jashari clan, whose members allegedly constitute the core of the UCK. Police also said the dead included Adem Jashari, whom they described as the leader of the UCK. On 9 March, police in Srbica turned over the bodies of 62 Albanians to Kosovar representatives. PM[10] SERBS ATTACK MORE KOSOVAR VILLAGESSpokesmen for the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), the leading Kosovar political party, said in Pristina on 8 March that the Serbian police offensive is continuing in the Drenica region, west of Pristina. Special Interior Ministry units attacked the villages of Josanica, Ovcarevo, and Broja near Srbica with tanks and armored vehicles. The previous day, the Belgrade independent weekly "Vreme" reported that Serbian police looted Albanian homes in the Drenica area after attacking them. PM[11] KOSOVARS INSIST ON INDEPENDENCEBujar Bukoshi, the prime minister of the Kosovar shadow-state government, told the Croatian weekly "Feral Tribune" of 8 March that the Kosovars demand nothing short of independence from Serbia and Yugoslavia. He stressed that following the recent violence, "no kind of autonomy is acceptable" and that the Albanians can "no longer tolerate being under Serbia or with Serbia." A UCK spokesman told the same Croatian newspaper that Belgrade has left the Kosovars only one option: a war for national liberation. The conflict, he predicted, will eventually draw in all Albanians currently under the rule of Serbs, Montenegrins, and Macedonians. The international community, however, has repeatedly told the Kosovars that their future lies within Yugoslavia, albeit with wide-reaching autonomy. PM[12] MILOSEVIC TELLS TURKS TO STAY OUTPresident Suleyman Demirel on 8 March sent a message to Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic urging that the situation in Kosovo not be allowed to degenerate into a conflict like the 1992-1995 war in Bosnia. Milosevic replied that Kosovo is an internal affair of Serbia, which rejects all outside "interference." In Istanbul, several thousand Turks, most of whom were of Albanian origin, demonstrated to show solidarity with the Kosovars. The previous day, Turkish officials told an RFE/RL correspondent in Istanbul that Ankara's ability to press the Kosovars' case in international forums is limited by considerations stemming from its own Kurdish problem. PM[13] BULGARIA, TURKEY DISCUSS KOSOVO CONFLICTMeeting at the Black Sea resort of Slanchev Briag on 7 March, Prime Minister Ivan Kostov and his Turkish counterpart, Mesut Yilmaz, called for a dialogue between the Serbian authorities and ethnic Albanians in Kosovo, RFE/RL's Sofia bureau reported. Kostov told journalists later that the crisis must be peacefully resolved "within Yugoslavia's [existing] boundaries." He said his country is worried "about a possible spillover of the conflict." He added that if another embargo is imposed on Yugoslavia, Bulgaria could incur new heavy economic losses. Yilmaz urged the Balkan states to support Sofia's proposal for a joint declaration on a peaceful solution to the Kosovo crisis. MS[14] SERBIA THREATENS MEDIAA spokesman for the state prosecutor's office said in Belgrade on 6 March that the authorities will take unspecified measures against several independent newspapers and radio and television stations because their reporting allegedly "encouraged the actions of terrorist bands [a reference to the UCK] in Kosovo." The newspapers are "Nasa Borba," "Blic," "Dnevni telegraf," "Danas" and " "Demokratija," an RFE/RL correspondent reported from the Serbian capital. PM[15] ALBRIGHT URGES "FIRM, UNITED, QUICK" RESPONSEU.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright said in Rome on 7 March that Washington holds Milosevic "personally responsible" for the developments in Kosovo and that the U.S. "will not tolerate violence." The following day in Bonn, she and her German counterpart, Klaus Kinkel, discussed possible concrete measures that the international community might agree on at the Contact Group meeting in London on 9 March. Those measures include extending the peacekeepers' mandate in Macedonia and sending peacekeepers to Albania. The two leaders also recommended allowing the Hague-based war crimes tribunal to investigate atrocities in Kosovo, and sending Spanish former Prime Minister Felipe Gonzales to Yugoslavia as a mediator. On 8 March in Paris, President Jacques Chirac told Albright that "only a message of great firmness, addressed firstly to the authorities in Belgrade... can break this spiral of war and lead to a durable peace for all in Kosovo." PM[16] MONTENEGRO FOR PEACEFUL, YUGOSLAV SOLUTIONPrime Minister Filip Vujanovic said in Bijelo Polje on 8 March that Kosovo is a part of Serbia and Yugoslavia and that no changes in its borders or political status will be permitted, BETA reported. Vujanovic added, however, that Kosovo requires a peaceful, political solution and that the Kosovars should receive broad autonomy in education, culture and social affairs. BETA also reported that 3,500 ethnic Muslim refugees have arrived in recent days from Kosovo to join their relatives in Sandzak. PM[17] GLIGOROV SAYS MACEDONIA READY FOR REFUGEESPresident Kiro Gligorov told the 6 March issue of "Puls" that he has "no illusions about Kosovo" and realizes that events there could easily "lead to changes in Macedonia." He added that, at his request, the army's general staff has made the necessary preparations for Kosovar refugees to stay in Macedonia until they can go home or to transit Macedonia on their way to Albania if need be. The same day, at least 20,000 ethnic Albanians demonstrated in Skopje to show solidarity with the Kosovars. On 7 March, Gligorov and Defense Minister Lazar Kitanovski discussed Kosovo with NATO supreme commander General Wesley Clark. And on 8 March, UN Secretary- General Kofi Annan urged the Security Council to consider extending the mandate of U.S. and Scandinavian peacekeepers in Macedonia. PM[18] ALBANIA PREPARES FOR REFUGEESDefense Minister Sabit Brokaj, Interior Minister Neritan Ceka, and the U.S. military attache inspected military facilities in northern Albania on 7 March and discussed with local officials the coordination of military and civilian efforts ahead of the possible arrival of up to 200,000 refugees from Kosovo. Brokaj said his ministry is prepared to mobilize reservists, guard strategic installations, and send additional stocks of food and other vital supplies to the north, "Koha Jone" reported. And in Tirana the previous day, the government and opposition staged a pro-Kosovo rally attended by 30,000 people. President Rexhep Meidani and his predecessor, Sali Berisha, both appealed to the international community to prevent the Kosovo conflict from developing into a full-scale war. FS[19] ROMANIAN COALITION'S FUTURE STILL UNCERTAIN...At a 7 March meeting, the leaderships of the National Peasant Party Christian Democratic (PNTCD) and the Democratic Party decided to continue to meet and not to make statements to the media. PNTCD chairman Ion Diaconescu said that "for the first time since the outbreak of the crisis," the two sides managed to "agree on some points" over which they had previously differed, RFE/RL's Bucharest bureau reported. The previous day, Democratic Party leader Petre Roman repeated that his party will not give parliamentary support to a budget submitted by any cabinet headed by Victor Ciorbea. The National Council of the Democratic Convention of Romania said that if the Democrats vote against the draft budget, they will be "automatically excluded" from the coalition. MS[20] ...AS CIORBEA ASKS FOR OPPOSITION SUPPORTPremier Victor Ciorbea on 6 March said consultations will begin with opposition parties to attempt to secure their support for the draft budget. A meeting between Ciorbea and the leadership of the Party of Social Democracy in Romania (PDSR) is scheduled for 9 March. PDSR chairman Ion Iliescu said his party will support a budget submitted by the cabinet only if the PDSR's suggestions are reflected in it, RFE/RL Bucharest's bureau reported. MS[21] ROMANIAN LIBERALS SET UP UMBRELLA ORGANIZATIONFollowing the merger of the Party of Civic Alliance with the National Liberal Party (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 2 March 1998), the two other major liberal parties in Romania have agreed to set up a Liberal Federation. The agreement was signed on 6 March by Liberal Party chairman Nicolae Cerveni and Radu Campeanu, the leader of the National Liberal Party- Campeanu Wing. The Liberal Monarchist Party and Emil Tocaci, a member of the National Liberal Party (which rejected the setting up of the federation), are also to join the new umbrella organization. MS[22] LUCINSCHI ON RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA, NATOIn an interview published in the 7 March "Momentul," President Petru Lucinschi said Russia is not exerting any pressure on Moldova and that the accusations of the pro- Romanian opposition that Chisinau is "selling out the country's independence for gas and petrol" are groundless. Lucinschi said that last year, Moldova paid for 90 percent of gas and petrol imports from Russia with "produce, not with money." He also said the attitude of a group of Duma deputies toward the Transdniestrian conflict should not be confused with Russia's official position, which he described as "correct." Lucinschi also rejected leftist parties' accusations that Moldova is "flirting with NATO", stressing that no one could even begin to think of membership in the alliance when 20 percent of the population lives beneath the poverty line, BASA-press reported. MS[23] DID LUCINSCHI ASK FOR TREATY RATIFICATION TO BE POSTPONED?Radio Tiraspol on 6 March reported that Russian Foreign Minister Yevgenii Primakov has asked State Duma speaker Gennadii Seleznev to postpone debates on the ratification of the 1990 basic treaty with Moldova, RFE/RL's Chisinau bureau reported. Primakov is reported to have said that postponement of the debate is also in line with a "personal request" from President Lucinschi, who wants the debates to take place after the Moldovan 22 March parliamentary elections. Moldovan Deputy Foreign Minister Vasile Sova told RFE/RL that he "would not say" that Lucinschi initiated postponing the debate; rather, the Duma made that decision last December. MS[C] END NOTE[24] POLAND'S EASTERN CHALLENGEby Christopher WalkerIn obtaining its invitation to be among the first wave of NATO entrants and in achieving recognition as a candidate in the first round of accession talks to the EU, Poland is on track to achieve two of its main strategic goals in the post-Soviet era. At the same time, it faces challenges that arise from its relations with neighboring countries and that are incompatible in the short-term with invitations to those Western clubs. Sharing borders with the former Soviet bloc states of Ukraine, Belarus, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, and Russia (the Kaliningrad Oblast), Poland is preparing to face disputes that could upset the current delicate regional balance. While building its networks to EU member countries and managing a heavy foreign-policy workload in preparation for entry into Western institutions, Poland is forging new relations with its Eastern neighbors. By virtue of its key geographical position and size, it has a special responsibility to build a new post-Soviet framework for effective security and economic ties in the region. Security and economic matters are no longer determined by a bipolar European order but rather by still-forming regional spheres. Crises that are local in nature can quickly become of regional concern. As a result, Poland must take into consideration that a crisis in Ukraine or Belarus, for example, could spill over, thus negatively affecting relations with Warsaw's future NATO and EU allies. With regard to regional security, Belarus is a particularly difficult case. Should Minsk choose to engage in a more assertive military relationship with Russia, the security landscape of the region would be significantly altered. Such a development would be of direct concern to the expanding NATO alliance and would influence the behavior and response of other post- Soviet countries in the area, requiring them to more clearly declare their status within the evolving regional security structure. Moreover, Poland, the key alliance member on NATO's new "front line," would find itself in an especially sensitive position. As regards the economy, Poland is rapidly being absorbed into the Western zone of trade. With the exception of the Czech Republic, all the traditionally Central and East European states sharing borders with Poland are currently outside this zone. Those "second-tier" countries are likely to remain outside for some time to come. Slovakia, once mentioned in the same breath as candidates invited in the first round of EU and NATO talks, has now slipped into the second group. Its advancement is conditioned on the country's adapting to international norms of political behavior. The incorrigibility of Slovakia's "old-style" leadership has all but assured a place further down the line of accession to many key Western institutions. To address the challenges presented by some of its neighbors, Poland has negotiated a host of bilateral agreements with its neighbors. Most recently, it concluded an agreement to enhance cooperation in a range of areas-- including economics, agriculture and transportation--with regions from six countries bordering the Baltic Sea. That accord, along with others like it, is a constructive step toward creating an atmosphere of confidence in the area. At present, the likelihood of violent conflict is minimal among the countries of the region, many of which have been adversaries in the past. Economic instability, organized crime, and migration-related issues are more likely to pose short-term threats. Recent friction between Poland and Belarus over visa requirements for Belarusian nationals is just one example of such disputes. Meanwhile, to the West, Polish-German relations continue to develop, with unified Germany eager to institutionalize Poland's integration into the Western community. The success of that integration will depend on the Polish leadership's ability to deal with the challenges posed by its neighbors to the East while simultaneously preparing for economic competition within the EU and the responsibilities of military participation in NATO. The West should bear that burden in mind as it presses Poland to meet its obligations for admission into Western institutions. The author is manager of programs at the Prague-based European Journalism Network. 09-03-98 Reprinted with permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
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