Voice of America, 97-08-15

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From: The Voice of America <gopher://gopher.voa.gov>

CONTENTS

[01] CYPRUS TALKS (L ONLY) BY LISA SCHLEIN (GENEVA)

[02] KURDS AT HOME AND ABROAD BY ED WARNER (WASHINGTON)

[03] BOSNIA / LIFE BY ART CHIMES (SARAJEVO)

[04] BOSNIA REFUGEES (L ONLY) BY LISA SCHLEIN (GENEVA)

[05] BOSNIA: WORDS & ACTION BY PAMELA TAYLOR (WASHINGTON)

[06] THE LATEST ON BOSNIA BY ANDREW N. GUTHRIE (WASHINGTON)

[07] CLINTON / BOSNIA (S) BY DAVID GOLLUST (WHITE HOUSE)

[08] U-S / BOSNIA COURT (S-ONLY) (CQ) BY LAURIE KASSMAN (STATE DEPT.)

[09] BOSNIA / COURT (S-ONLY) BY ART CHIMES (PRAGUE)

[10] CLINTON/BOSNIA (L) BY DAVID GOLLUST (WHITE HOUSE)

[11] EURO STOCKS (S ONLY) BY JACK HUIZENGA (LONDON)

[12] N-Y ECON WRAP (S & L) BY BRECK ARDERY (NEW YORK)

[13] DELL, BUDDHA, YEAR 2000, IMMIGRANTS BY DAN NOBLE (WASHINGTON)

[14] FRIDAY'S EDITORIALS BY ANDREW N. GUTHRIE (WASHINGTON)

[01] CYPRUS TALKS (L ONLY) BY LISA SCHLEIN (GENEVA)

INTRO: UNITED NATIONS-MEDIATED TALKS AIMED AT REUNIFYING THE DIVIDED ISLAND OF CYPRUS HAVE ENDED IN DEADLOCK. LISA SCHLEIN IN GENEVA SAYS LEADERS OF THE GREEK-CYPRIOT AND TURKISH-CYPRIOT COMMUNITIES BLAMED EACH OTHER FOR THE FAILURE OF THE TALKS HELD THIS WEEK IN SWITZERLAND.

TEXT: IN A NEWS CONFERENCE AT THE END OF THE TALKS, TURKISH-CYPRIOT LEADER, RAUF DENKTASH LASHED OUT AT HIS GREEK-CYPRIOT COUNTERPART, GLAFKOS CLERIDES, AND THE EUROPEAN UNION.

HE SAID THE BIGGEST STUMBLING BLOCK TO AN AGREEMENT IS THE EUROPEAN UNION'S DECISION TO START TALKS WITH THE GREEK CYPRIOT GOVERNMENT ABOUT E-U MEMBERSHIP. MR. DENKTASH SAID HE WILL PULL OUT OF THE TALKS, UNLESS THE E-U FREEZES ITS PROPOSED NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE GREEK CYPRIOTS.

AT A SEPARATE NEWS CONFERENCE, U-N MEDIATOR, DIEGO CORDOVEZ DID HIS BEST TO PLAY DOWN THE DISPUTE BETWEEN THE TWO CYPRIOT LEADERS.

I BELIEVE THAT THE TWO LEADERS REMAIN COMMITTED TO ACHIEVING A SETTLEMENT OF THE CYPRUS PROBLEMS -- ON THE BASIS WHICH, OVER TIME, HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED OF A BI-ZONAL AND BI-COMMUNAL FEDERATION.

CYPRUS HAS BEEN DIVIDED SINCE 1974 WHEN THE TURKISH ARMY INVADED THE MEDITERRANEAN ISLAND. NUMEROUS EFFORTS TO REUNITE THE ISLAND HAVE FAILED.

MR. CORDOVEZ SAID IT IS FAR TOO SOON TO GIVE UP ON THIS NEW NEGOTIATING EFFORT. HE SAID THE WEEK HAD NOT BEEN WASTED AND THE DISCUSSIONS HAD BEEN USEFUL IN KEEPING THE LINES OF COMMUNICATION OPEN.

MR. CORDOVEZ ALSO SAID HE EXPECTS THE NEGOTIATORS EVENTUALLY WILL AGREE TO A PACKAGE DEAL INVOLVING TRADE-OFFS ON BOTH SIDES. HE SAID THIS WOULD NOT BE ACHIEVED BY NEGOTIATING IN A PIECEMEAL MANNER. RATHER, HE SAID, THE UNITED NATIONS WILL WORK TOWARD A COMPREHENSIVE SETTLEMENT.

WHICH MEANS ALL THE ISSUES INVOLVED. AND THE IDEA IS THAT THE TWO NEGOTIATORS WOULD HAVE BEFORE THEM THE LEGAL INSTRUMENTS THAT WILL, ONCE APPROVED -- IN FACT CONSTITUTE A SETTLEMENT -- WITH THE ISSUES BEING TREATED IN THEIR PROPER CONTEXT.

THE MAJOR TALKING POINTS INCLUDE TERRITORIAL QUESTIONS, SECURITY AND REFUGEE ISSUES, AND THE DRAFTING OF A NEW CONSTITUTION.

NO DATE HAS BEEN SET FOR A FURTHER ROUND OF TALKS. HOWEVER, MR. CORDOVEZ SAID HE HAS ACCEPTED INVITATIONS BY BOTH CYPRIOT LEADERS TO VISIT THE ISLAND. AND HE SAID THE LEADERS AGREED TO CARRY ON DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING HUMANITARIAN ISSUES. (SIGNED)
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15-Aug-97 1:12 PM EDT (1712 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[02] KURDS AT HOME AND ABROAD BY ED WARNER (WASHINGTON)

INTRO: THE CONTINUING PLIGHT OF THE KURDS WAS DISCUSSED AT A RECENT CONFERENCE OF THE KURDISH NATIONAL CONGRESS OF NORTH AMERICA OUTSIDE OF WASHINGTON. A BLEAK PAST WAS CONTRASTED WITH A PERHAPS MORE PROMISING FUTURE. VOA'S ED WARNER REPORTS

TEXT: THE KURDS PAY A HIGH PRICE FOR BEING A MINORITY POPULATION SCATTERED AMONG VARIOUS MIDDLE EAST NATIONS. AT A CONFERENCE HELD BY THE KURDISH NATIONAL CONGRESS OF NORTH AMERICA, KENDAL NEZAN SAID KURDISH GROUPS ARE AT ODDS IN NORTHERN IRAQ, BUT THAT IS A SMALL PART OF A MUCH LARGER PICTURE:

THIS CONFLICT IS NOT AN INTERNAL, LOCAL CONFLICT. THIS IS A REGIONAL POWER STRUGGLE BETWEEN IRAN AND TURKEY AND BETWEEN THE IRANIAN AND SYRIAN ALLIANCE ON ONE SIDE AND TURKEY ON THE OTHER SIDE WITH SOME VERY CLOSE LINKS WITH ISRAEL. SO IRAN IS TRYING TO WAGE WAR BY PROXY IN IRAQI KURDISTAN. TURKEY AND IRAQ ARE TRYING ALSO TO SETTLE SOME ACCOUNTS BY PROXIES IN IRAQI KURDISTAN.

ROBERT DEUTSCH, A STATE DEPARTMENT OFFICIAL WHO HAS DEALT WITH THE KURDS, SAID WHEN KURDS FIGHT AMONG THEMSELVES, AS IN NORTHERN IRAQ, THEY CREATE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR OUTSIDE INTERVENTION. CONTINUED CONFLICT BETWEEN THE K-D-P KURDISTAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY-- THE K-D-P -- AND THE PATRIOTIC UNION OF KURDISTAN -- P-U-K -- HELPS OPPONENTS OF THE KURDS :

WHAT IT WOULD LEAVE IS THE PERMANENT TENSION, THE PERMANENT OPPORTUNITY FOR THE IRANIANS, FOR THE GOVERNMENT IN BAGHDAD, FOR THE SYRIANS, FOR OTHERS, TO MANIPULATE THE TENSIONS AND TO COLLAPSE ANY CEASE FIRE. WE HAVE SEEN THE IRANIANS APPLY A PENALTY TO THE P-U-K, FOR INSTANCE, IN THEIR DEALINGS ANY TIME THAT THE P-U-K HAS TAKEN STEPS WITH US. WE HAVE SEEN DAMASCUS PLAYING A NEGATIVE ROLE WHEN THE K-D-P HAS MADE POSITIVE MOVEMENTS.

THE KURDISH LANDS HAVE SUFFERED FROM THE LOSS OF MANY PEOPLE WHO HAVE FLED ABROAD. BUT THAT, TOO, PRESENTS AN OPPORTUNITY, ACCORDING TO FUAD HUSSEIN, A KURDISH CONSULTANT TO THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS MINISTRY IN THE NETHERLANDS:

WITHIN A DECADE, WE WILL HAVE A NEW GENERATION OF KURDS WHO ARE BORN AND/OR RAISED IN THE WEST. THEY COULD BECOME INTELLECTUAL LEADERS PROVIDED THAT THEY ARE CONSCIOUS OF THEIR IDENTITY AND PROUD OF THEIR OWN PEOPLE. BUT IF THE FIGHTING CONTINUES AND THE FUTURE OF THE KURDS WILL CONTINUE TO LOOK GRIM, MANY KURDS, AND ESPECIALLY THE SECOND GENERATION, WILL TURN AWAY FROM THEIR PARENTS' IDENTITY AND ASSIMILATE COMPLETELY IN THE NEW SOCIETY.

MR. HUSSEIN SAID IRAQI KURDS IN THE DIASPORA CAN HELP END THE FIGHTING SINCE ALMOST ALL HAVE RELATIVES STILL LIVING IN NORTHERN IRAQ. RATHER THAN CONDEMN THOSE LEFT BEHIND, THEY CAN INFLUENCE THEM WITH THE SUPPORT OF A SYMPATHETIC WEST. KURDISH UNITY ON A GLOBAL BASIS IS THE BEST ASSURANCE OF KURDISH SURVIVAL. (SIGNED)
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15-Aug-97 12:23 PM EDT (1623 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[03] BOSNIA / LIFE BY ART CHIMES (SARAJEVO)

INTRO: AS NEGOTIATORS TRY TO BREATHE NEW LIFE INTO THE DAYTON PEACE AGREEMENT, RESIDENTS OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA HAVE BEEN TRYING TO RETURN TO SOME KIND OF NORMAL LIFE. BUT ALTHOUGH THE FIGHTING HAS STOPPED, AND THERE ARE SIGNS OF NORMALCY, V-O-A CORRESPONDENT ART CHIMES FOUND THAT IN SARAJEVO -- NORMAL -- IS A RELATIVE TERM.

TEXT: IT IS THE MORNING TRAIN FROM ZENICA -- A HALF-HOUR LATE, BUT WITH ONLY A HANDFUL OF TRAINS A DAY, YOU PUT UP WITH SOME INCONVENIENCES. THE TERMINAL IS NEARLY DESERTED, AND GOATS AND CATTLE GRAZE ON THE GRASS AROUND THE TRACKS. THE STATION'S LARGE GLASS FACADE IS LONG GONE, REPLACED WITH REINFORCED PLASTIC SHEETING EMBLAZONED WITH THE UNITED NATIONS' LOGO. THAT PLASTIC IS STILL ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR BUILDING MATERIALS IN TOWN.

THERE IS A LOT OF CONSTRUCTION GOING ON.

BUT MANY STRUCTURES SHOW NO SIGN OF RE-CONSTRUCTION, INCLUDING SYMBOLICALLY -- THE DEVASTATED BUILDING THAT ONCE HOUSED BOSNIA'S PARLIAMENT. LITTLE OF THE PRE-WAR INDUSTRIAL BASE HAS BEEN REBUILT, AND TOURISTS ARE FEW AND FAR BETWEEN, SO IT IS THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, THE SOLDIERS, AND JOURNALISTS THAT FUEL THE ECONOMY HERE. STILL, THERE ARE SIGNS OF NORMALCY...

ON THE EDGE OF TOWN, A COUPLE OF KILOMETERS PAST THE END OF THE TRAM LINE, HORSE-DRAWN CARRIAGES TAKE PASSENGERS TO A LOVELY PARK CALLED "VRELO BOSNE".

A GROUP OF TEENAGERS STANDS NEAR WHERE THE COLD, CLEAR, SPRING WATER EMERGES FROM UNDERGROUND. LEILA SARAK SPENT THE WAR WITH HER FAMILY IN HOLLAND, AND SHE SPEAKS ENGLISH WITH A DUTCH ACCENT. SHE SAYS COMING HERE HELPS HER IN SOME WAY CLEANSE THE WAR FROM HER SYSTEM.

I THINK SO, REALLY. I THINK SO. IT IS (AN) EASY PLACE. (BIG LAUGH) IT IS FINE. WE ARE RELAXED, YEAH.

SALKO DUDIC CAME HERE PLAY VOLLEYBALL WITH FRIENDS, ALL MEMBERS OF A SMALL RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY OF SOME 250 JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES. HE SAYS LIFE IN SARAJEVO GOES ON.

WE ACCEPT THIS AS SOMETHING USUAL. IT IS NOTHING UNUSUAL. AFTER THE WAR IT IS PEACE NOW AND WE EXPECT LIKE THIS: THE TREES, PLAYING AND SO ON. WHAT WAS, WAS. WE CAN NOT CHANGE ANYTHING.

BACK IN TOWN, NEAR THE SPOT WHERE THE ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FERDINAND TRIGGERED WORLD WAR ONE, TRAMS, CARS, AND MILITARY VEHICLES ANGLE FOR POSITION ON THE NARROW STREETS. NEARBY, ON A STREET RESERVED FOR PEDESTRIANS, THERE ARE ABUNDANT CONSUMER GOODS IN THE SHOPS AND AN OPEN-AIR MARKET OFFERS GREAT-LOOKING PRODUCE. THERE ARE CAFES EVERYWHERE, AND SOMETIMES IT IS HARD TO FIND A TABLE, THEY ARE SO CROWDED. PRICES ARE NOT PARTICULARLY CHEAP, AND WITH UN-EMPLOYMENT HOVERING AROUND 60-PERCENT, IT IS HARD TO SEE HOW PEOPLE CAN AFFORD IT. ON THE OTHER HAND, THEY DO HAVE PLENTY OF FREE TIME.

A CROWD GATHERS IN FRONT OF THE CATHEDRAL FOR AN AFTERNOON BAND CONCERT. THE MUSICIANS PLAY ENTHUSIASTICALLY, AND THE CROWD SEEMS TO ENJOY THE CONCERT. IT IS LIKE ANYWHERE ELSE, EXCEPT THIS IS SARAJEVO, SO THE MUSIC IS BOUNCING OFF POCKMARKED WALLS, AND THE MUSICIANS ARE MEMBERS OF AN ITALIAN MILITARY BAND.

[04] BOSNIA REFUGEES (L ONLY) BY LISA SCHLEIN (GENEVA)

INTRO: THE UNITED NATIONS REFUGEE AGENCY (U-N-H-C-R) IS APPEALING TO EUROPEAN COUNTRIES NOT TO SEND REFUGEES BACK TO BOSNIA AGAINST THEIR WILL. LISA SCHLEIN IN GENEVA REPORTS THE REFUGEE AGENCY SAYS IT FEARS MANY OF THE REFUGEES WILL BE FORCED TO RETURN TO AREAS WHICH ARE STILL FRAUGHT WITH DANGER.

TEXT: AN INFORMATION OFFICER FOR THE U-N REFUGEE AGENCY, MAKI SHINOHARA SAYS THERE IS NO HARD EVIDENCE THAT EUROPEAN COUNTRIES ARE FORCIBLY DEPORTING REFUGEES TO BOSNIA.

HOWEVER, ON THE BOSNIAN SIDE WHEN WE SPEAK TO THESE PEOPLE COMING BACK FROM THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, THEY GIVE US THE STORY THAT THEY WERE TOLD BY FEDERAL OR STATE AUTHORITIES THAT THEY COULD NO LONGER REMAIN IN THEIR HOST COUNTRIES.

AND WHEN THE REFUGEES GET BACK TO BOSNIA, THE U-N REFUGEE AGENCY SAYS MANY OF THEM FIND THEY CANNOT RETURN TO THEIR ORIGINAL HOMES. ABOUT 700-THOUSAND BOSNIAN REFUGEES HAVE SOUGHT ASYLUM ABROAD. GERMANY, WITH 260-THOUSAND REFUGEES, IS HOSTING THE LARGEST NUMBER. THOUSANDS MORE ARE FOUND IN AUSTRIA, SWITZERLAND, AND IN OTHER WESTERN AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.

THE U-N REFUGEE AGENCY HAD EXPECTED ABOUT 200-THOUSAND BOSNIANS WOULD RETURN THIS YEAR. SO FAR, ONLY 68-THOUSAND HAVE GONE BACK.

THE DAYTON PEACE AGREEMENT GUARANTEES REFUGEES THE RIGHT TO RETURN TO THEIR ORIGINAL HOMES. HOWEVER, U-N-H-C-R SPOKESWOMAN PAM O'TOOLE SAYS MUSLIMS AND CROATS ARE BEING BLOCKED FROM RETURNING TO THEIR HOMES IN SERB-HELD TERRITORIES.

THE CURRENT BLOCKAGE BY REPUBLIKA SRPSKA AUTHORITIES ON MINORITY RETURNS IS A DEFINITE THREAT TO PEACE. WE HAVE A POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE SITUATION DEVELOPING IN SOME OF THESE AREAS AT THE MOMENT WHERE LOCAL AUTHORITIES ARE OPENLY RELOCATING PEOPLE WHO CANNOT RETURN TO THE SERB-CONTROLLED TERRITORY.

MS. O'TOOLE SAYS THE RETURNEES ARE CONCENTRATED ON LAND BELONGING TO THE MUSLIM-CROAT FEDERATION. SHE SAYS MANY FEDERATION VILLAGES ARE ALREADY OVERCROWDED WITH RETURNEES FROM WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WHO CANNOT GO BACK TO THEIR HOMES.

SHE SAYS MANY OF THESE PEOPLE ARE CRAMMED INTO RECEPTION CENTERS. IN OTHER CASES, FOUR OR MORE FAMILIES ARE PACKED INTO DAMAGED HOMES. MS. O'TOOLE SAYS THERE SEEMS TO BE NO IMMEDIATE PROSPECT FOR A LASTING SOLUTION. (SIGNED)
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15-Aug-97 9:54 AM EDT (1354 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[05] BOSNIA: WORDS & ACTION BY PAMELA TAYLOR (WASHINGTON)

INTRO: THE UNITED STATES HAS BEGUN TO INCREASE ITS MILITARY PRESENCE IN BOSNIA BY 50 PERCENT. U-S OFFICIALS SAY THE BUILDUP IS NOT RELATED TO STEPPED-UP PRESSURE TO HAVE BOSNIAN SERB LEADER RADOVAN KARADZIC HANDED OVER TO THE HAGUE WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL. THEY SAY THE TROOPS ARE PART OF A CONTINGENT TO HELP POLICE NEXT MONTH'S (SEPTEMBER'S) MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS. BUT THE COMMANDER OF THE NATO FORCE IN BOSNIA, U-S GENERAL WESLEY CLARK, SAYS HIS TROOPS ARE COMMITTED TO FINDING MR. KARADZIC AND ARE PREPARED TO HAND HIM OVER TO THE HAGUE WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL. VOA'S PAMELA TAYLOR REPORTS:

TEXT: ALTHOUGH UNDER INDICTMENT FOR WAR CRIMES, MR. KARADZIC HAS CONTINUED TO WIELD BEHIND THE SCENES POWER IN DEFIANCE OF THE DAYTON PEACE AGREEMENT. LAST WEEK THE U-S NEGOTIATOR OF THAT AGREEMENT, RICHARD HOLBROOKE, RETURNED TO THE AREA TO PRESSURE ALL SIDES FOR COMPLIANCE UNDER THE THREAT OF WITHHOLDING ECONOMIC AID. ROBERT GELBARD, THE SPECIAL U-S ENVOY FOR BOSNIA WHO ACCOMPANIED MR. HOLBROOKE, EXPLAINED TO VOA'S SERBIAN SERVICE HOW THE THREAT IS INTENDED TO WORK.:

AT THE LAST DONOR'S CONFERENCE, THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY PLEDGED 1 POINT 2 MILLION DOLLARS. WE WON'T PROVIDE THAT UNTIL AND UNLESS THE PARTIES COOPERATE, WHICH IS WHY A BASIC DECISION WAS MADE TO HOLD ONLY THE FUNDS FOR THE SERB REPUBLIC IN ABEYANCE AND WHEN THEY FINALLY GET AROUND TO COOPERATING WITH DAYTON, RETURN OF REFUGEES, RESTRUCTURING POLICE, FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT, FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION, THEY WE ARE PREPARED TO RELEASE THE FUNDS.

MR. GELBARD SAID THE UNITED STATES WILL NEVER HAVE NORMAL RELATIONS WITH THE SERB ENTITY OR WITH SERBIA ITSELF UNTIL THEY TURN OVER THOSE SERBS WHO HAVE BEEN INDICTED FOR WAR CRIMES. BUT STEPHEN WALKER, WHO RESIGNED FROM THE STATE DEPARTMENT IN 1993 IN DISAGREEMENT WITH THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION POLICY ON BOSNIA, DOUBTS THE SERBS WILL HAND OVER THEIR OWN PEOPLE:

THE ADMINISTRATION AT SOME POINT IS GOING TO HAVE TO MAKE A DECISION THAT REGARDLESS OF WHO'S SURROUNDING KARADIZIC, THEY'RE GOING TO GO AFTER HIM AND (BOSNIAN SERB GENERAL RATKO) MLADIC AND OTHER LEADING WAR CRIMINALS AND CREATE CONDITIONS ON THE GROUND SO THAT REFUGEES CAN GO HOME AND WE CAN HAVE FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS.

MR. WALKER FEARS THAT THE TRUE WILL OF THE MAJORITY OF BOSNIANS WILL NOT BE REVEALED BY SEPTEMBER'S MUNICIPAL ELECTION RESULTS AS LONG AS WAR CRIMINALS REMAIN AT LARGE :

YOU HAVE TO SEPARATE OUT THE PEOPLE FROM THE LEADERS WHO ARE IN CONTROL RIGHT NOW. I THINK THE PEOPLE FOR THE MOST PART WANT TO GO HOME. THEY WANT TO LIVE NEXT TO THEIR SERB AND CROAT NEIGHBORS DESPITE WHAT HAS HAPPENED. IF GIVEN THE CHANCE I THINK MOST BOSNIANS WOULD GO BACK TO LIVING THE WAY THEY'VE LIVED FOR CENTURIES WHICH IS AS A MULTI-ETHNIC UNIFIED STATE.

MR. WALKER SAYS HE AND MANY OTHERS BELIEVE THE ARREST OF WAR CRIMES SUSPECTS IS THE CRITICAL FIRST STEP TO REAL IMPLEMENTATION OF ALL THE OTHER PROVISIONS OF THE DAYTON PEACE ACCORD. (SIGNED)
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15-Aug-97 10:23 AM EDT (1423 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[06] THE LATEST ON BOSNIA BY ANDREW N. GUTHRIE (WASHINGTON)

INTRO: IN THE LATEST WORD FROM BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA, THE WIFE OF ACCUSED SERBIAN WAR CRIMINAL RADOVAN KARADZIC IS DOWNPLAYING REPORTS THAT HE MAY FLEE HIS HEADQUARTERS IN PALE, IN ORDER TO AVOID ARREST.

HOWEVER THERE IS INCREASING COMMENT IN U-S PAPERS THAT IF THE BOSNIAN PEACE MISSION IS TO SUCCEED, THE MAN ACCUSED OF MASTERMINDING THE WORST GENOCIDE SINCE WORLD WAR TWO WILL HAVE TO BE TAKEN INTO CUSTODY, AND BE MADE TO STAND TRIAL FOR WAR CRIMES BY THE U-N, IN THE HAGUE.

FOR A SENSE OF CURRENT AMERICAN OPINION, WE CALL ON ______________ FOR TODAY'S U-S OPINION ROUNDUP ON THE SITUATION IN BOSNIA.

TEXT: THINGS IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA REMAIN AS CONFUSING AS THEY HAVE BEEN FOR SOME TIME, DEPENDING ON WHOM YOU TALK TO. IN PALE, THE BOSNIAN SERB STRONGHOLD, NEAR SARAJEVO, FOR EXAMPLE, LILIANA KARADZIC SAYS HER HUSBAND RADOVAN KARADZIC, IS LIVING NORMALLY AT HIS HEADQUARTERS WITH N O PLANS TO LEAVE DESPITE A GROWING EFFORT TO ARREST HIM. SHE CALLS THE RUMORS THAT HE HAS ALREADY FLED, IN HER WORDS, "RUBBISH" .

HOWEVER THE COMMANDER OF NATO'S PEACEKEEPING FORCE IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA, A U-S GENERAL, SAYS HIS TROOPS ARE COMMITTED TO FINDING MR. KARADZIC AND TURNING HIM OVER TO THE WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL IN THE HAGUE.

THE U-S PRESS SAYS MR. KARADZIC SHOULD BE MADE TO STAND TRIAL FOR HIS PART IN THE GRUESOME WAR, IN WHICH TENS OF THOUSANDS DIED. TAKE FOR EXAMPLE, THIS EDITORIAL FROM THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS, WHICH IS HEADLINED "GET KARADZIC OUT, OR PEACE MAY UNRAVEL."

VOICE: "PRESIDENT CLINTON HAS BOSNIA ON THE BRAIN ..... HE HAS GOOD REASON TO BE OBSESSED. HIS BIGGEST FOREIGN POLICY VICTORY, THE DAYTON PEACE ACCORD .... IS IN SERIOUS TROUBLE. MUSLIMS, CROATS AND SERBS DISPLAY AS MUCH HATRED TOWARD EACH OTHER AS EVER. HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF DISPLACED PEOPLE AND REFUGEES STILL ARE PREVENTED FROM RETURNING TO THEIR HOME REGIONS, LET ALONE THEIR INDIVIDUAL HOMES. THE MOST SERIOUS PROBLEM IS THAT 'FORMER' [BOSNIAN] SERB LEADER RADOVAN KARADZIC IS OPENLY DEFYING DAYTON'S DECLARATION THAT HE RELINQUISH ALL POWER. AND YUGOSLAVIA'S LEADER, SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC, HAS NOT TRIED TO KEEP MR. KARADZIC IN CHECK. ..... THAT'S NOT GOOD ENOUGH. ..... MR. MILOSEVIC SHOULD BE THREATENED WITH RENEWED SANCTIONS IF MR. KARADZIC IS NOT HANDED OVER BY A CERTAIN DATE."

TEXT: TURNING TO THE CLEVELAND [OHIO] PLAIN DEALER, FORMER NEW YORK TIMES CORRESPONDENT TAD SZULC, RECENTLY RETURNED FROM BOSNIA, WRITES IN AN OP-ED PAGE ARTICLE THAT UNLESS PRESIDENT CLINTON MOVES QUICKLY TO REASSERT U-S AND NATO AUTHORITY THERE, THE PEACE MAY BE LOST.

VOICE: "THE UNITED STATES AND ITS INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS FACE THE GREATEST AND MOST DANGEROUS CRISIS IN BOSNIA SINCE THE DAYTON AGREEMENTS WERE SIGNED 18 MONTHS AGO TO RESTORE PEACE THERE. THE PEACE PROCESS IS NOW PARALYZED. IT IS IMPERATIVE THAT PRESIDENT ... CLINTON ORDER, WITHOUT DELAY, A SERIES OF INTERLINKING ACTIONS, DIFFICULT AS THESE DECISIONS MAY BE, TO REASSERT U-S AND NATO AUTHORITY IN BOSNIA. FIRST, [MR.] CLINTON MUST RESOLVE DEEP DIFFERENCES WITHIN HIS OWN ADMINISTRATION OVER BASIC BOSNIA POLICY ..... WHILE [MR.] KARADZIC'S ARREST IS A TOP PRIORITY FOR CIVILIAN POLICYMAKERS, HE REMAINS DEFIANTLY UNTOUCHABLE BECAUSE NEITHER U-S NOR ALLIED MILITARY COMMANDERS ARE PREPARED TO RISK CASUALTIES TRYING TO CATCH HIM. .... SEEN FROM BOSNIA, [MR.] CLINTON'S FIRST STEP SHOULD BE TO ORDER [MR.] KARADZIC'S CAPTURE, EVEN IF HE HAS TO OVERRULE HIS MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT."

TEXT: THE NEW YORK POST IS VERY DISILLUSIONED ABOUT CHANCES FOR PEACE AND SAYS:

VOICE: "IT IS ONLY PRUDENT TO WORRY ABOUT HOW MANY OF THE 85-HUNDRED U-S TROOPS IN BOSNIA WILL BE COMING HOME ALIVE NEXT JUNE. PRESIDENT CLINTON MUST SHOW AMERICANS THAT HE IS NOT LEADING THE NATION INTO A FOREIGN ADVENTURE FOR WHICH, LIKE LYNDON JOHNSON IN VIETNAM, HE HAS NO ROAD MAP [NO CLEAR IDEA OF WHAT THE GOALS ARE AND WHEN THEY COULD BE ACHIEVED]. . ..... INDEED, THE PLANS .... KEEP CHANGING. ..... THE CLINTONITES' STATED GOAL OF HARMONY AND FRATERNITY IN BOSNIA NOW SOUNDS AS AIRY AS WOODROW WILSON'S IDEALISTIC WAR AIMS IN 1917. ..... AMERICANS WILL NOT FORGIVE LEADERS WHO LEAD THEM INTO A BALKAN ULSTER, WITH U-S TROOPS STUCK BETWEEN COMMUNITIES THAT HATE EACH OTHER."

TEXT: THE WASHINGTON POST IS LESS PESSIMISTIC, CREDITING THE PRESIDENT WITH SOME IMPROVEMENT IN HIS CURRENT POLICY TOWARD THE BALKANS.

VOICE: "PRESIDENT CLINTON IS SHOWING A NOTICEABLY MORE ENERGETIC BOSNIA POLICY. HIS LATEST STEP WAS THE DISPATCH OF THE FORMER DIPLOMAT WHO NEGOTIATED THE DAYTON PEACE ACCORDS, RICHARD HOLBROOKE, TO BOOST A PROCESS THE ADMINISTRATION HAD LET SLIDE. ....... CURRENTLY IN BOSNIA, THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION IS MAKING TWO HARD CHOICES. THE FIRST IS TO REENGAGE WITH THE DAYTON ACCORDS, RATHER THAN DRIFT AWAY. .... THE SECOND CHOICE IS TO REAFFIRM AS PARTNERS IN THIS BOSNIAN ENTERPRISE SERBIA AND CROATIA. BOTH, AND ESPECIALLY THEIR LEADERS, CARRY A HEAVY RESPONSIBILITY FOR BOSNIA'S CURRENT DISTRESS. BUT BOTH COUNTRIES AND LEADERSHIPS ALSO HAVE STRONG REASON TO MAKE THEMSELVES PART OF NATO'S SOLUTION OF THE BOSNIA PROBLEM. THESE DECISIONS AMOUNT TO A JUDGMENT CALL, BUT IN OUR VIEW THE RIGHT ONE."

TEXT: AND FINALLY, THIS SUGGESTION FROM THE WASHINGTON TIMES, THAT THINGS WILL NOT GO WELL IN BOSNIA UNLESS, AND UNTIL, MR. KARADZIC IS APPREHENDED AND BROUGHT TO TRIAL.

VOICE: "IF THERE'S ONE PERSON WHO DESERVES TO END UP HANDCUFFED AND IN THE DOCK IN THE HAGUE, FACING CHARGES OF GENOCIDE AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY, IT IS SURELY RADOVAN KARADZIC. MR. KARADZIC WAS THE MASTERMIND BEHIND THE MURDEROUS CAMPAIGN OF THE BOSNIAN SERBS BETWEEN 1991-95 TO BREAK AWAY FROM THE MUSLIM AND CROAT PARTS OF BOSNIA ..... IT IS, THEREFORE, SOMEWHAT ENCOURAGING THAT THE U-S GOVERNMENT HAS FINALLY FOCUSED ON GETTING MR. KARADZIC BEHIND BARS WHERE HE BELONGS."

TEXT: WITH THAT WE BRING TO A CLOSE THIS SAMPLING OF EDITORIAL OPINION REGARDING THE POTENTIAL CAPTURE OF BOSNIAN SERB LEADER RADOVAN KARADZIC AND HOW THAT WILL AFFECT THE REST OF THE PEACEKEEPING SITUATION THERE.
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15-Aug-97 1:04 PM EDT (1704 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[07] CLINTON / BOSNIA (S) BY DAVID GOLLUST (WHITE HOUSE)

INTRO: PRESIDENT CLINTON CONFERRED WITH SENIOR U-S DIPLOMATS ON BOSNIA FRIDAY AMID SIGNS OF GROWING IMPATIENCE WITH THE CONTINUING INFLUENCE THERE OF INDICTED SERB WAR CRIMES FIGURE RADOVAN KARADZIC. VOA'S DAVID GOLLUST REPORTS FROM THE WHITE HOUSE.

TEXT: MR. CLINTON WAS BRIEFED BY DIPLOMATIC TROUBLESHOOTERS RICHARD HOLBROOKE AND ROBERT GELBARD ON THEIR BOSNIAN MISSION LAST WEEK -- WITH THE WHITE HOUSE LATER TERMING "DISTRESSING" THE ROLE STILL BEING PLAYED IN SERB AREAS OF THE COUNTRY BY MR. KARADZIC.

THE FORMER BOSNIAN SERB PRESIDENT, THOUGH NOMINALLY REMOVED FROM POWER LAST YEAR, CONTINUES TO FOMENT RESISTANCE TO THE DAYTON ACCORDS IN THE RUN-UP TO CRITICAL LOCAL ELECTIONS IN BOSNIA NEXT MONTH.

THE UNITED STATES IS INCREASING ITS TROOP PRESENCE IN BOSNIA BY 50 PER CENT -- TO 12-THOUSAND -- FOR THE ELECTION PERIOD, AND WHITE HOUSE SPOKESMAN MIKE MCCURRY SUGGESTED THE MOVE IS A SIGNAL TO THE FUGITIVE POLITICIAN:

HE SHOULD BE CONCERNED THAT THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IS GROWING INCREASINGLY IMPATIENT WITH THE INABILITY OF THE WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL TO TRY THE CASE THAT HE HAS BEEN INDICTED FOR.

U-S OFFICIALS SAY VARIOUS OPTIONS ARE BEING CONSIDERED TO GET THE WAR CRIMES SUSPECTS TO TRIAL, AND THAT MR. GELBARD WILL BE RETURNING TO THE AREA FOR MORE TALKS ON SUNDAY. (SIGNED)
NEB/DAG/KL
15-Aug-97 2:01 PM EDT (1801 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[08] U-S / BOSNIA COURT (S-ONLY) (CQ) BY LAURIE KASSMAN (STATE DEPT.)

INTRO: THE UNITED STATES HAS CONDEMNED WHAT IT SEES AS SERB INTIMIDATION OF THE BOSNIAN SERB REPUBLIC'S CONSTITUTIONAL COURT, WHICH IS TRYING TO DETERMINE IF PRESIDENT BILJANA PLAVIC IS WITHIN HER RIGHTS TO DISSOLVE THE LEGISLATURE AND HOLD NEW ELECTIONS. CORRESPONDENT LAURIE KASSMAN HAS MORE FROM THE STATE DEPARTMENT.

TEXT: STATE DEPARTMENT SPOKESMAN JAMES RUBIN SAYS THOSE WHO INTIMIDATE THE COURT JUSTICES AND THEIR FAMILIES ARE FLOUTING (MAKING A MOCKERY OF) THE DAYTON ACCORDS AND THE RULE OF LAW.

THE BOTTOM LINE IS THAT THERE IS A STRUGGLE GOING ON IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBSKA BETWEEN THOSE WHO ARE SMART ENOUGH TO REALIZE COMPLIANCE WITH DAYTON IS THE TICKET TO PROSPERITY AND PEACE FOR THEIR PEOPLE AND THOSE LEADERS WHO ARE TOO STUPID TO REALIZE THAT A FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH DAYTON, FAILURE TO FOLLOW THROUGH ON THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY'S DEMANDS, WILL ONLY MAKE THEIR PEOPLE SUFFER. AND OVER THE LONG RUN, THE SMART LEADERS ARE THE ONES WE HOPE WIN.

INTERNATIONAL LEGAL EXPERTS SAY MS. PLAVSIC IS WITHIN HER CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS TO DISSOLVE THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY.

U-S SPECIAL ENVOY ROBERT GELBARD RETURNS TO BOSNIA SUNDAY AND IS EXPECTED TO DEAL WITH THE ISSUE DURING HIS TRIP. (SIGNED)
NEB/LK/RRM/KL
15-Aug-97 2:19 PM EDT (1819 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[09] BOSNIA / COURT (S-ONLY) BY ART CHIMES (PRAGUE)

INTRO: A BOSNIAN SERB COURT HAS RULED AGAINST PRESIDENT BILIANA PLAVSIC, SAYING HER CALL FOR NEW ELECTIONS WAS ILLEGAL. THE MOVE HIGHLIGHTS THE POWER STRUGGLE IN THE BOSNIAN SERB LEADERSHIP. V-O-A CORRESPONDENT ART CHIMES IS MONITORING DEVELOPMENTS FROM OUR BUREAU IN PRAGUE.

TEXT: AS EXPECTED, THE BOSNIAN SERB CONSTITUTIONAL COURT REJECTED THE ACTION BY MS. PLAVSIC, WHO LAST MONTH DISBANDED THE PARLIAMENT AND CALLED NEW ELECTIONS.

THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT IS DOMINATED BY JUDGES ALLIED WITH RADOVAN KARADZIC, THE (FORMER PRESIDENT AND) WAR CRIMES SUSPECT WHO IS LOCKED IN A POWER STRUGGLE WITH MS. PLAVSIC.

THE COURT'S RULING CASTS DOUBTS ON WHETHER ELECTIONS FOR A NEW PARLIAMENT WILL BE HELD LATER THIS YEAR.

THE ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE, WHICH IS SUPERVISING MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS NEXT MONTH, HAS BEEN CONSIDERING WHETHER TO OVERSEE NEW PARLIAMENTARY BALLOTING. O-S-C-E MISSION HEAD ROBERT FROWICK LAST WEEK SAID THE ENTIRE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY BELIEVES PRESIDENT PLAVSIC ACTED WITHIN HER AUTHORITY IN CALLING NEW ELECTIONS. (SIGNED)
NEB/ART/RRM
15-Aug-97 2:53 PM EDT (1853 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[10] CLINTON/BOSNIA (L) BY DAVID GOLLUST (WHITE HOUSE)

INTRO: PRESIDENT CLINTON CONFERRED WITH SENIOR DIPLOMATS ON BOSNIA FRIDAY AMID SIGNS OF GROWING U-S IMPATIENCE OVER THE CONTINUED INFLUENCE THERE OF INDICTED SERB WAR CRIMES FIGURE RADOVAN KARADZIC. A TOP U-S ENVOY RETURNS TO THE BALKANS SUNDAY. V-O-A'S DAVID GOLLUST HAS DETAILS FROM THE WHITE HOUSE.

TEXT: THE PRESIDENT WAS BRIEFED BY DIPLOMATIC TROUBLESHOOTERS RICHARD HOLBROOKE AND ROBERT GELBARD ON THEIR BOSNIAN MISSION OF LAST WEEK -- WITH THE WHITE HOUSE LATER TERMING "DISTRESSING" THE ROLE STILL BEING PLAYED IN SERB AREAS OF THE COUNTRY BY MR. KARADZIC.

THE FORMER BOSNIAN SERB PRESIDENT -- THOUGH NOMINALLY REMOVED FROM POWER LAST YEAR -- CONTINUES TO FOMENT RESISTANCE TO THE DAYTON ACCORDS IN THE RUN-UP TO CRITICAL LOCAL ELECTIONS IN BOSNIA NEXT MONTH.

WHITE HOUSE SPOKESMAN MIKE MCCURRY SAID MR. KARADZIC STANDS ACCUSED OF SOME OF THE WORST GENOCIDE IN EUROPE SINCE THE SECOND WORLD WAR, AND HE HAS TO BE REMOVED FROM THE POLITICAL STAGE TO FACE THOSE CHARGES IN THE INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL AT THE HAGUE:

IT'S, MUCH, VERY IMPORTANT FOR ALL THE PARTIES TO MAKE GOOD THE COMMITMENT SPECIFICALLY EXPRESSED IN THE DAYTON ACCORDS THAT HE AND OTHER INDICTED WAR CRIMINALS ARE TO PLAY NO ROLE IN THE POLITICAL LIFE OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA OR THE REPUBLIC OF SERBSKA.

THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION SAID THURSDAY IT IS INCREASING THE U-S TROOP COMMITMENT TO THE NATO-LED STABLIZATION FORCE IN BOSNIA BY 50 PER CENT TO 12-THOUSAND SOLDIERS FOR THE ELECTION PERIOD.

THE MOVE HAS GIVEN RISE TO SPECULATION THAT ALLIED FORCES MIGHT BE CONTEMPLATING AN EFFORT TO DETAIN MR. KARADZIC OR OTHER PROMINENT WAR CRIMES FIGURES.

SPOKESMAN MCCURRY WOULD SAY ONLY THAT A NUMBER OF OPTIONS ARE BEING DISCUSSED WITH THE NATO ALLIES AND THE BOSNIAN PARTIES FOR MAKING THE WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL MORE EFFECTIVE.

HE SAID MR. KARADZIC OUGHT TO BE CONCERNED THAT THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY IMPATIENT WITH THE INABILITY OF THE HAGUE PROSECUTORS, THUS FAR, TO BRING HIM TO TRIAL.

OFFICIALS HERE SAID NO DECISIONS WERE MADE AT THE WHITE HOUSE SESSION BUT THAT AMBASSADOR GELBARD WILL BE RETURNING TO THE BALKANS FOR MORE TALKS WITH THE PARTIES BEGINNING SUNDAY. (SIGNED)
NEB/DAG/PT
15-Aug-97 4:45 PM EDT (2045 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[11] EURO STOCKS (S ONLY) BY JACK HUIZENGA (LONDON)

INTRO: STOCK PRICES DROPPED SHARPLY IN TRADING FRIDAY IN MAJOR EUROPEAN EXCHANGES. V-O-A'S JACK HUIZENGA HAS THE CLOSING MARKET REPORT FROM LONDON.

TEXT: SHARES TOOK A SEVERE BEATING IN LONDON AND FRANKFURT, AS INVESTORS CASHED IN ON PROFITS MADE DURING RECENT RECORD-BREAKING MARKETS

THE BIGGEST DROP WAS IN LONDON. THE FOOTSIE-100 INDEX FELL MORE THAN 125 POINTS -- TWO-AND-ONE-HALF PERCENT -- THE BIGGEST ONE-DAY PERCENTAGE DROP IN ALMOST FIVE YEARS.

IN FRANKFURT, THE DAX-30 INDEX ENDED THE FLOOR TRADING DAY DOWN MORE THAN 78 POINTS, ABOUT ONE-AND-EIGHT-TENTHS PERCENT. PRICES IN FRANKFURT FELL EVEN MORE IN LATER COMPUTERIZED TRADING.

BUT IN PARIS, SHARE PRICES WERE DOWN LESS THAN ONE-TENTH PERCENT. THE CAC-40 INDEX CLOSED OFF JUST OVER TWO POINTS.

ON THE LONDON CURRENCY EXCHANGE, THE U-S DOLLAR LOST IN VALUE AGAINST THE JAPANESE YEN, THE GERMAN MARK, AND THE BRITISH POUND.
NEB/JWH/KL
15-Aug-97 1:15 PM EDT (1715 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[12] N-Y ECON WRAP (S & L) BY BRECK ARDERY (NEW YORK)

INTRO: STOCK PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES WERE DOWN SHARPLY TODAY (FRIDAY) WITH THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE SUFFERING ITS SECOND-LARGEST POINT LOSS IN HISTORY. V-O-A CORRESPONDENT BRECK ARDERY REPORTS FROM NEW YORK.

TEXT: THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE CLOSED AT 76-HUNDRED-94, DOWN 247 POINTS, MORE THAN THREE PERCENT. FOR THE WEEK, THE INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE LOST 337 POINTS, MORE THAN FOUR PERCENT. THE LARGER STANDARD AND POOR'S 500 INDEX CLOSED FRIDAY AT 900, DOWN 23 POINTS.

STOCK PRICES WERE DOWN ALL DAY, BUT SELLING PRESSURE ACCELERATED LATE IN THE SESSION. AN EARNINGS WARNING FROM GILLETTE, THE HUGE PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS COMPANY, HELPED DRAG DOWN THE PRICES OF STOCKS IN MANY OTHER CONSUMER PRODUCTS COMPANIES. BUT ANALYSTS SAY THE OVERALL ATTITUDE ON WALL STREET FRIDAY, AS IT HAD BEEN FOR MOST OF THE WEEK, WAS THAT U-S STOCK PRICES HAVE RISEN TOO FAR, TOO FAST AND A DOWNWARD CORRECTION IS IN ORDER.

FRIDAY'S DROP IN THE INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE WAS THE SECOND-LARGEST IN HISTORY, IN TERMS OF POINTS. HOWEVER, ANALYSTS ARE QUICK TO POINT OUT THAT IN PERCENTAGE TERMS -- ABOUT THREE PERCENT -- THE LOSS WAS FAR FROM ANY RECORD.

DESPITE MARATHON TALKS BETWEEN UNION AND MANAGEMENT, THERE IS STILL NO END TO THE STRIKE AGAINST THE UNITED PARCEL SERVICE. UNION LEADER RON CAREY SAYS HE IS HEARTENED BY PUBLIC OPINION POLLS THAT SHOW STRONG SUPPORT FOR THE STRIKERS.

DELTA AIRLINE HAS APPOINTED LEO MULLIN TO BE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, REPLACING RON ALLEN WHO RETIRED THREE MONTHS AGO. MR. MULLIN'S BACKGROUND IS IN THE ELECTRIC UTILITY INDUSTRY BUT ANALYSTS SAY HIS EXPERIENCE IN CUSTOMER SERVICE MAY BE USEFUL IN HELPING DELTA OVERCOME AN IMAGE OF POOR CUSTOMER SERVICE.

THE I-T-T CORPORATION HAS FORMALLY REJECTED THE REVISED TAKEOVER BID BY THE HILTON HOTELS COMPANY. HILTON RECENTLY RAISED ITS HOSTILE BID FROM SIX-AND-ONE-HALF-BILLION DOLLARS TO EIGHT-POINT-THREE BILLION. HOWEVER, I-T-T'S MANAGEMENT SAYS THE NEW OFFER STILL DOES NOT REFLECT THE HOTEL AND CASINO COMPANY'S INHERENT VALUE. (SIGNED) NEB/NY/BA/LSF/RRM
15-Aug-97 5:09 PM EDT (2109 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[13] DELL, BUDDHA, YEAR 2000, IMMIGRANTS BY DAN NOBLE (WASHINGTON)

INTRO: ON THIS EDITION OF COMPUTER DIGEST:

SELLING COMPUTERS TO BUSINESSES,

RELIGIOUS SCRIPTURE GOES HIGH-TECH,

AND, IMMIGRANT SUCCESS IN CALIFORNIA'S SILICON VALLEY. *****

DELL

TEXT: DONALD DELL IS ONLY 32-YEARS OLD, BUT THE COMPANY HE FOUNDED -- DELL COMPUTER -- HAS PASSED IBM TO BECOME AMERICA'S SECOND-LARGEST SELLER OF BUSINESS COMPUTERS. AND, REPORTS THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, DELL IS GAINING ON COMPAQ, THE LEADER. THE NEWSPAPER SAYS THAT DELL'S SUCCESS IS A RESULT OF THE WAY IT SERVICES ITS CUSTOMERS. WHILE COMPETITORS SELL MOSTLY THROUGH RETAILERS AND RESELLERS, DELL SENDS SALES REPRESENTATIVES DIRECTLY TO COMPANIES AND FACTORIES. DELL ALSO BUILDS COMPUTERS "ONLY WHEN THEY ARE ORDERED, PREVENTING SHELVES OF OUTDATED PC'S." AT ITS NEW FACTORY IN AUSTIN, TEXAS, DELL TECHNICIANS CAN PUT TOGETHER A COMPUTER, COMPLETE WITH SOFTWARE, AND FULLY TESTED, IN JUST EIGHT HOURS. THE JOURNAL NOTES THAT FOR ONE LARGE ORDER, DELL RECENTLY BUILT AND SHIPPED 3,700 COMPUTERS IN JUST 11 DAYS. ACCORDING TO THE NEWSPAPER, DELTA AIR LINES, THE CUSTOMER, WAS SO IMPRESSED THAT "DELTA TECHNOLOGY EXECUTIVES FLEW TO AUSTIN TO THROW A PARTY FOR THE FACTORY WORKERS." *****

BUDDHA

TEXT: NEWSWEEK MAGAZINE REPORTS THAT A SOUTH KOREAN PRIEST, NAMED CHONGMIN, IS WORKING ON A PROJECT "TO DIGITIZE THE MOST COMPLETE COLLECTION OF BUDDHIST SCRIPTURES, LAWS AND TREATISES." THE SAMSUNG CORPORATION IS HELPING WITH THE EFFORT. THE MAGAZINE SAYS THAT THE PRIEST IS WORKING FROM 80,000 13TH CENTURY CARVED WOODEN BLOCKS, AND A POWERFUL COMPUTER, TO PUT TOGETHER A CD-ROM "WITH THE WRITINGS TRANSLATED INTO MODERN CHINESE AND KOREAN LATER THIS YEAR." AN ENGLISH LANGUAGE VERSION, AVAILABLE ON THE INTERNET, MAY BE AVAILABLE IN 1998. *****

YEAR 2000

TEXT: MANY YEARS AGO, IN ORDER TO CUT COSTS, COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS MADE A SHORTCUT WHEN THEY WROTE PROGRAMS. INSTEAD OF USING FOUR DIGITS FOR A CALENDER YEAR, THEY USED TWO. MEMORY WAS EXPENSIVE AND THE COST SAVINGS WERE SUBSTANTIAL. UNFORTUNATELY, THE COMPUTERS WILL BE UNABLE TO DIFFERENTIATE WHEN ONE CENTURY ENDS AND A NEW ONE BEGINS. MANY INDIVIDUALS, COMPANIES, AND GOVERNMENTS, ARE LOOKING FOR WAYS TO SOLVE THE SO-CALLED YEAR 2000 PROBLEM. THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, SAYS THAT EVEN THE UNITED NATIONS "APPEARS TO BE WAKING UP TO THE THREAT POSED." LAST MONTH (FYI - JULY) THE WORLD ORGANIZATION CREATED A SPECIAL TASK FORCE. AMBASSADOR AHMAD KAMAL, OF PAKISTAN, CHAIR OF THE UN'S ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL WORKING GROUP, SAYS THAT THE GOAL IS TO IDENTIFY AND TAKE STEPS TO CORRECT INTERNAL UN INFORMATION SYSTEMS, AND TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF THE PROBLEM ON MEMBER STATES. *****

IMMIGRANTS

TEXT: SILICON VALLEY, THE REGION SOUTH OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, IS A MAJOR CENTER OF THE HIGH-TECH INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES. BUSINESS WEEK SAYS THE REGION HAS ATTRACTED MORE THAN 100,000 IMMIGRANTS FROM AROUND THE WORLD. THE MAGAZINE NOTES THAT ONE-THIRD OF THE ENGINEERS WORKING IN SILICON VALLEY ARE NOW FOREIGN-BORN. THEY INCLUDE HUNGARIAN-BORN ANDY GROVE, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF INTEL, AND ERIC BENHAMOU, FROM ALGERIA, HEAD OF THE 3COM CORPORATION. S. ATIQ RAZA, ORIGINALLY FROM PAKISTAN, AND FOUNDER OF A MICRO-PROCESSOR DESIGN COMPANY, SAYS THAT "THIS PLACE HAS BECOME COMPLETELY COLOR-BLIND." BUSINESS WEEK ADDS THAT THE DIVERSITY IS GIVING THE VALLEY COMPANIES "A GLOBAL MARKETING EDGE, PAYING HUGE DIVIDENDS." *****
15-Aug-97 11:15 AM EDT (1515 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

[14] FRIDAY'S EDITORIALS BY ANDREW N. GUTHRIE (WASHINGTON)

INTRO: THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF PAKISTAN AND INDIAN INDEPENDENCE CONTINUES TO BE A POPULAR TOPICS IN THE NATION'S EDITORIALS COLUMNS.

OTHER TOPICS BEING EXAMINED THIS MIDDLE-OF THE MONTH FRIDAY INCLUDE: THE GUAM AIR CRASH AND RELATED AIR SAFETY ISSUES; PANAMA MOVES TO SILENT A JOURNALISTIC CRITIC; THE SEARCH FOR PEACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND IN BOSNIA; AND THE POSSIBLE POISONING OF U-S TROOPS IN THE GULF WAR.

NOW, HERE WITH A CLOSER LOOK AND SOME QUOTES, IS _________________ AND TODAY'S EDITORIAL DIGEST.

TEXT: WE BEGIN OUR SAMPLING IN THE MIDWEST, WHERE OHIO'S LARGEST NEWSPAPER, THE CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER COMMENTS ON THE INDIAN ANNIVERSARY, CALLING IT A "MILESTONE," BUT NOTING THAT RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED STATES HAVE NEVER BEEN AS CORDIAL WITH NEW DELHI AS THEY HAVE BEEN WITH PAKISTAN.

VOICE: ".... OVER THE NEXT HALF CENTURY, U-S RELATIONS WITH THE WORLD'S MOST POPULOUS DEMOCRACY NEVER REALLY WARMED, DUE IN LARGE PART TO INDIA'S INSISTENCE ON REMAINING NEUTRAL IN THE COLD WAR. SUCCESSIVE U-S ADMINISTRATIONS GOT ALONG BETTER WITH PAKISTAN, THE OTHER NATION THAT WAS CARVED OUT OF OLD BRITISH INDIA. BUT AS INDIANS TODAY CELEBRATE 50 YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE, PROSPECTS ARE BRIGHT THAT CLOSER TIES WILL DEVELOP WITH THE UNITED STATES. ONE REASON IS THAT A SUBSTANTIAL INDIAN POPULATION HAS PUT DOWN ROOTS IN THIS COUNTRY."

TEXT: IN NEW ENGLAND, THE BOSTON GLOBE ALSO NOTES THE OCCASION WITH AN EDITORIAL, WHICH PRAISES INDIA'S HUGE DIVERSITY, EXEMPLIFIED BY THE COUNTRY'S 37 LANGUAGES, OF WHICH 16 ARE OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION, BEFORE MAKING THIS POINT.

VOICE: "INDIA'S DEVOTION TO DEMOCRACY IS PERHAPS ITS GREATEST STRENGTH, THE BYPRODUCT OF TWO CENTURIES OF BRITISH RULE DURING WHICH INDIANS CAME TO AN APPRECIATION OF SELF-RULE BASED ON THE BALLOT BOX. [OPT] VOTER PARTICIPATION TOPS 90 PERCENT IN A POPULATION THAT BELIEVES IN THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ELECTION PROCESS - - IN SHARP CONTRAST WITH CYNICAL AMERICANS, HALF OF WHOM TYPICALLY STAY HOME ON ELECTION DAY. [END OPT]

...... INDIA'S POVERTY HAS BEEN LEGENDARY ... BUT .... SECTIONS OF INDIA HAVE BECOME INCREASINGLY INDUSTRIAL AND .... HIGH-TECH SKILLS AMONG THE GROWING MIDDLE CLASS HAVE MADE IT A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR IN WORLD MARKETS. [OPT] THE PERHAPS 200 MILLION INDIANS WHO LIVE IN MIDDLE-CLASS STYLE FORM ONE OF THE LARGEST SUCH GROUPS IN THE WORLD. [END OPT] ..... FOR ALL ITS DIVERSITY, POLITICAL CRISES, ETHNIC CLASHES, AND MASSIVE POVERTY, INDIA HAS DEMONSTRATED GREAT DURABILITY WHEN OTHERS THOUGHT IT WOULD CRUMBLE. FIFTY YEARS IS JUST A DOWN PAYMENT ON THAT."

TEXT: AND LASTLY ON THE JOINT ANNIVERSARIES, THE WALL STREET JOURNAL COMMENTS:

VOICE: "WHILE MUCH OF THE WORLD SEES THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE END OF BRITISH RULE IN THE SUBCONTINENT AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR AN ORGY OF NOSTALGIA, IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN THE MOOD HAS BEEN MORE INTROSPECTIVE AND EVEN SOMBER. PERHAPS THAT IS AS IT SHOULD BE. NOTHING SO DEFINES A NATION AS THE ABILITY OF ITS PEOPLE TO LOOK CLEARLY AND HONESTLY AT THEMSELVES. IF MANY INDIANS AND PAKISTANIS DO NOT LIKE ALL THEY SEE TODAY, THEIR FREEDOM TO SAY SO AND THE IDEALISM THAT THE SCRUTINY REFLECTS ARE AMONG THE BEST TOOLS ANY PEOPLE COULD WISH TO TAKE INTO THE NEXT HALF CENTURY. .....FOR THOSE WHO WANTED .... A PARTY, THE SIGHT OF THESE TWO COUNTRIES ASKING INSTEAD 'WHERE DID WE GO WRONG?' IS DISAPPOINTING. FOR THOSE WHO WISH INDIA AND PAKISTAN WELL, THOUGH, THE SOUL-SEARCHING IS THE BEST POSSIBLE SIGN BOTH COUNTRIES HAVE TURNED THAT ALL-IMPORTANT CORNER IN DEVELOPMENT, WHEN THE DESIRE TO CHANGE IS STRONGER THAN THE WISH TO COVER UP FAILURES.'

TEXT: THE MOST RECURRING DOMESTIC TOPIC THIS FRIDAY IS AIR SAFETY, AS INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE CRASH OF A KOREAN 747 PASSENGER JET AT GUAM'S INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT CONTINUE. USA TODAY IS FURIOUS THAT THREE SAFETY SYSTEMS, TWO ON THE GROUND AND ONE ABOARD THE JET WERE EITHER NOT WORKING OR WERE OUTDATED MODELS THAT COULD, AND THE PAPER CONTENDS, SHOULD HAVE BEEN UPGRADED, PERHAPS AVERTING THE TRAGEDY.

VOICE: "EVEN IN GOOD WEATHER AND DAYLIGHT, LANDING A JUMBO JET ON RUNWAY 6-LEFT AT GUAM AIRPORT CAN BE TRICKY [DIFFICULT OR COMPLEX]. MIX IN BAD WEATHER AND DARKNESS, THEN ELIMINATE SEVERAL GUIDANCE AND WARNING SYSTEMS. FOR KOREAN AIR FLIGHT 801, THE RESULT WAS DEADLY. [OPT] CAUSE OF THE AUGUST 6TH CRASH IS UNRESOLVED, BUT ALREADY A COMPELLING QUESTION ARISES: WHY WASN'T MORE DONE TO HELP FLIGHT 801? ..... CONSIDER: FLIGHT 801 FLEW WITHOUT NOT [JUST] ONE BUT THREE SAFETY ELEMENTS THAT MIGHT HAVE AVERTED THE CRASH: MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE WARNING SYSTEM ..... THIS SHOULD HAVE ALERTED CONTROLLERS IN GUAM'S TOWER THAT FLIGHT 801 WAS FLYING TOO LOW.......... GLIDESLOPE INDICATOR .... THIS INSTRUMENT-LANDING SYSTEM GUIDES PLANES ON A SMOOTH APPROACH ... BUT THE SYSTEM WAS DOWN [THE THIRD SAFETY SYSTEM] ENHANCED GROUND PROXIMITY WARNING SYSTEM. ON PLANES SUCH AS THE 747 USED BY FLIGHT 801, UNDERBELLY RADAR WARNS OF FAST APPROACHING GROUND OR MOUNTAINS. UNFORTUNATELY, URGENT 'PULL-UP- WARNINGS FROM THESE COME ... JUST 12 TO 15 SECONDS BEFORE IT'S TOO LATE. [END OPT] .... PROVEN TECHNOLOGY THAT COULD HAVE MADE A DIFFERENCE TO FLIGHT 801 WAS NOT THERE WHEN THE CREW NEEDED IT MOST. THAT SHOULD NEVER HAPPEN TO ANOTHER PLANE IN NEED."

TEXT: THE MIAMI HERALD IS UPSET BY THE LATEST ATTEMPT IN CENTRAL AMERICA TO SILENCE A JOURNALISTIC CRITIC BY THE GOVERNMENT IN PANAMA, A MOVE TO DENY NEWSPAPERMAN GUSTAVO GORRITI, A PERUVIAN, A NEW WORK PERMIT FOR THE CURRENT ONE WHICH EXPIRES THE END OF THIS MONTH.

VOICE: " NOT SURPRISINGLY, PANAMANIAN PRESIDENT ERNESTO PEREZ BALLADARES DEFENDS THE ... REFUSAL TO RENEW MR. GORRITI'S WORK PERMIT; HE DENIES ... THE ACTION HAS ANYTHING TO DO WITH PRESS FREEDOM OR THE LACK THEREOF. .... PRESIDENT PEREZ BALLADARES PROTESTS TOO MUCH. SINCE MR. GORRITI JOINED LA PRENSA IN MARCH 1996, HIS INVESTIGATIVE ARTICLES HAVE EXPOSED SHADY FINANCING OF PANAMA'S PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN AND DOCUMENTED THE ENDURING INFLUENCE OF DRUG TRAFFICKERS. ... THE SITUATION ... HAS ROUSED AN INTERNATIONAL CHORUS OF PRESS DEFENDERS, FROM THE INTER AMERICAN PRESS ASSOCIATION TO .... BRITISH SPY NOVELIST JOHN LE CARRE. ..... [OPT] MR. GORRITI VOWS TO STAY, BUT HE MAY WELL BE ARRESTED AND DEPORTED. MR. PEREZ BALLADERES OUGHT TO COME TO HIS SENSES B E F O R E [ITALICS FOR EMPHASIS] THAT HAPPENS."

TEXT: THE ATLANTA CONSTITUTION CONSIDERS THE LINGERING U-P-S [UNITED PARCEL SERVICE] STRIKE AND HAS THIS OBSERVATION.

VOICE: "THE TWO SIDES MAY BE DRAWING CLOSER BECAUSE ECONOMIC PRESSURES ARE PUSHING IN ON THEM. EACH DAY THAT UPS FAILS TO MAKE ITS ROUNDS, ITS MARKET SHARE ERODES. THE ONLY WAY OUT OF THIS MESS IS COMPROMISE."

TEXT: AS REGARDS A SEEMINGLY INSOLUBLE SITUATION, THE MIDDLE EAST PEACE PROCESS BETWEEN ISRAEL AND THE PALESTINIANS, THE ORLANDO SENTINEL COUNSELS PATIENCE.

VOICE: "NO ONE SHOULD HAVE EXPECTED TO BREAK OUT THE CHAMPAGNE AFTER A SPECIAL U-S ENVOY'S EMERGENCY MISSION TO THE MIDDLE EAST THIS WEEK. THE SEARCH FOR PEACE IN THAT REGION IS SO FULL OF TREACHEROUS TWISTS AND TURNS THAT NO SINGLE VISIT CAN ACCOMPLISH VERY MUCH. AT THE SAME TIME - - PARTICULARLY DURING A PERIOD OF INTENSE STRESS AND TENSION, SUCH AS NOW - - AND PROGRESS DESERVES ENCOURAGEMENT. .... THE PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY HAS SIGNALED ... IT IS READY TO BE MORE AGGRESSIVE IN THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM. THE ISRAELI GOVERNMENT SHOULD ENCOURAGE, NOT COMPLICATE, THAT EFFORT."

TEXT: STILL IN THE REGION, THE LOS ANGELES TIMES IS ENCOURAGED BY THE CHANGING - - EVERY SO SLIGHTLY - - OF THE GUARD IN TEHERAN.

VOICE: "MOHAMMAD KHATAMI WAS ELECTED IRAN'S PRESIDENT LAST MAY WITH THE SOLID BACKING OF WOMEN AND YOUNGER PEOPLE .... WHO HAVE BEEN AMONG THOSE SUFFERING MOST FROM THE RESTRICTIONS AND REPRESSIONS IMPOSED BY THE 1979 REVOLUTION. A MODERATE, [PRESIDENT] KHATAMI .... HAS PICKED A CABINET DOMINATED BY PRAGMATISTS AND CENTRISTS, INCLUDING THOSE HE WANTS TO HEAD THE MINISTRIES OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, INTELLIGENCE, CULTURAL AND ISLAMIC GUIDANCE, AND INTERIOR, WHICH AMONG OTHER THINGS CONTROLS INTERNAL SECURITY. .... HIS CABINET CHOICES MUST BE APPROVED BY THE 270-SEAT PARLIAMENT ... DOMINATED BY ISLAMIC CONSERVATIVES WHO ARE LIKELY TO RESIST ANY DILUTION OF THEIR POWER ..... AS ALWAYS THE REAL TEST WILL BE WHAT HE IS ABLE TO DO. FOR NOW AT LEAST, THE OPPORTUNITY FOR A POSITIVE SHIFT IN IRANIAN POLICIES SEEMS GREATER THAN AT ANY TIME IN THE LAST 18 YEARS."

TEXT: AND IN THE OTHER, MAJOR WORLD TROUBLE SPOT, BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA, THE WASHINGTON TIMES WONDERS WHETHER THE END IS NEAR FOR THE INFAMOUS BOSNIAN SERB LEADER DURING THE CIVIL WAR.

VOICE: "IF THERE'S ONE PERSON WHO DESERVES TO END UP HANDCUFFED AND IN THE DOCK IN THE HAGUE, FACING CHARGES OF GENOCIDE AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY, IT IS SURELY RADOVAN KARADZIC. MR. KARADZIC WAS THE MASTERMIND BEHIND THE MURDEROUS CAMPAIGN OF THE BOSNIAN SERBS BETWEEN 1991-95 TO BREAK AWAY FROM THE MUSLIM AND CROAT PARTS OF BOSNIA ..... IT IS, THEREFORE, SOMEWHAT ENCOURAGING THAT THE U-S GOVERNMENT HAS FINALLY FOCUSED ON GETTING MR. KARADZIC BEHIND BARS WHERE HE BELONGS."

TEXT: TODAY'S CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR ADDS ITS VIEW OF THE PAINFULLY SLOW PROGRESS, SUGGESTING:

VOICE: "THERE'S NOTHING ROSY [GOOD] ABOUT THIS PICTURE. TOUGHER SANCTIONS MAY BE NEEDED. ..... BOSNIA IS STILL BESET BY ETHNIC HATREDS. (WITNESS THE RECENT EXPULSION OF RETURNING MUSLIM REFUGEES BY CROAT GANGS IN THE TOWN OF JAJCE.) MEN INDICTED FOR WAR CRIMES ARE STILL AT LARGE. THE EMBERS OF WAR STILL GLOW IN PLACES LIKE BRCKO AND MOSTAR. "

TEXT: AND LASTLY ON THE SUBJECT OF THE GULF WAR AND THE AFTER EFFECTS FOR THOUSANDS OF U-S TROOPS POSSIBLY EXPOSED TO CHEMICAL WEAPONS, USA TODAY COMMENTS ON ONE OF THE LATEST REVELATIONS.

VOICE: "THREE MONTHS BEFORE THE PERSIAN GULF WAR BEGAN, THE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY IN CALIFORNIA WARNED THE PENTAGON THAT BLOWING UP IRAQI CHEMICAL WEAPONS FACILITIES WOULD SPREAD CONTAMINANTS THAT COULD RAIN DOWN ON U-S TROOPS. MILITARY LEADERS DID IT ANYWAY. ..... DID U-S GENERALS IGNORE THE WARNINGS, OR WAS THE LIVERMORE REPORT LOST IN THE CHAIN OF COMMAND? RETIRED GENERAL COLIN POWELL HAS SAID HE DIDN'T RECALL SEEING ANY STUDY OF POTENTIAL CONTAMINATION OF U-S TROOPS. RETIRED GENERAL NORMAN SCHWARZKOPF, THE TOP FIELD COMMANDER, HAS SAID HE WAS TOLD THERE WAS ABSOLUTELY NO CONTAMINATION DANGER FROM BOMBING IRAQ'S CHEMICAL ARSENAL. ONE THING IS CLEAR. THE PENTAGON BURIED THE TRUTH ABOUT POTENTIAL EXPOSURES. .... THE CASUALTIES OF THE PENTAGON'S CONTINUING CONFUSION, OR DECEPTION, ARE PLAIN. FIRST, U-S VETERANS ... SECOND, THE TRUTH..... [AND THE] FINAL CASUALTY .... PENTAGON CREDIBILITY. IT'S HISTORY [SLANG FOR OBLITERATED]."

TEXT: ON THAT SOUR NOTE, WE CONCLUDE THIS BRIEF SAMPLING OF COMMENT FROM THE EDITORIAL PAGES OF TODAY'S U-S NEWSPAPER.
NEB/ANG/KL
15-Aug-97 11:02 AM EDT (1502 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America

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